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| Population, total | 383,279,026.0 | 494,850,317.0 | 707,023,525.0 | 718,887,744.0 | 730,362,334.0 | 742,714,463.0 | 756,405,281.0 | 767,578,451.0 | 782,349,366.0 | 797,801,454.0 | 813,173,936.0 | 828,025,185.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 3.3 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 12,837,267.9 | 12,837,287.9 | 12,834,509.9 | 12,834,510.9 | 12,834,510.9 | 12,834,508.9 | 12,834,510.9 | 12,834,520.9 | 12,834,520.9 | 12,834,540.9 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 30.3 | 39.1 | 55.9 | 56.9 | 57.8 | 58.8 | 59.8 | 60.7 | 61.9 | 63.1 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | 34.2 | 23.8 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.4 | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 813,151,410,865.5 | 1,005,050,973,791.4 | 3,774,959,998,870.2 | 3,706,912,759,137.4 | 3,934,902,669,345.2 | 4,075,643,716,475.0 | 3,812,873,120,020.3 | 4,139,479,272,074.5 | 4,705,354,101,776.0 | 5,024,522,043,835.5 | 5,116,800,299,384.9 | 5,270,287,534,581.9 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 2,121.6 | 2,031.0 | 5,339.2 | 5,156.5 | 5,387.6 | 5,487.5 | 5,040.8 | 5,392.9 | 6,014.4 | 6,298.0 | 6,292.4 | 6,364.9 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 2,300,294,081,280.4 | 4,070,363,129,001.2 | 8,324,064,710,235.3 | 8,840,761,597,896.3 | 9,447,855,525,217.0 | 9,592,580,586,976.2 | 9,247,393,999,657.5 | 10,362,147,998,781.2 | 11,800,861,627,659.6 | 12,556,721,880,295.2 | 13,169,325,882,553.7 | 13,907,239,312,679.1 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 6,001.6 | 8,225.4 | 11,773.4 | 12,297.8 | 12,935.8 | 12,915.6 | 12,225.4 | 13,499.8 | 15,083.9 | 15,739.2 | 16,195.0 | 16,795.7 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 62.4 | 66.2 | 70.4 | 70.7 | 70.9 | 71.2 | 69.9 | 69.7 | 71.7 | 72.1 | 72.3 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.4 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 82.2 | 57.6 | 46.0 | 45.3 | 43.7 | 42.4 | 41.4 | 40.3 | 39.5 | 38.8 | 37.8 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 32.3 | 45.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 34.5 | 47.2 | .. | .. | .. | 80.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 98.9 | 75.0 | 44.6 | 43.5 | 42.7 | 41.9 | 40.8 | 39.8 | 38.7 | 37.8 | 36.4 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 16.5 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.2 | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 69.5 | 73.8 | 83.0 | 82.7 | 83.1 | 83.1 | 83.4 | 81.5 | 82.6 | 84.2 | 84.4 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 68.9 | 71.2 | 73.4 | 73.8 | 75.0 | 75.4 | 76.8 | 77.5 | 79.0 | 81.2 | 83.7 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 79.6 | 81.6 | 90.1 | 89.9 | 91.1 | 91.8 | 92.2 | 92.3 | 91.5 | 93.6 | 94.6 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 44.9 | 50.2 | 58.2 | 58.3 | 59.4 | 60.2 | 60.7 | 61.4 | 62.4 | 64.2 | 65.8 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 266,663.5 | 265,724.0 | 279,876.6 | 279,792.4 | 279,530.2 | 279,492.9 | 279,396.0 | 279,338.8 | 279,251.0 | 279,184.5 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 7.8 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 147.3 | 154.1 | 149.4 | 151.7 | 152.1 | 149.5 | 148.3 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.1 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 937.4 | 1,160.9 | 1,601.0 | 1,633.9 | 1,607.2 | 1,618.9 | 1,561.2 | 1,607.4 | 1,607.1 | 1,641.5 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 889.8 | 1,266.3 | 2,132.8 | 2,203.0 | 2,210.1 | 2,230.2 | 2,205.9 | 2,297.9 | 2,301.9 | 2,358.9 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 836,867,640,836.2 | 1,098,655,593,166.2 | 3,627,179,370,571.6 | 3,798,189,271,504.2 | 4,053,744,446,046.4 | 4,022,588,786,208.4 | 3,592,277,157,538.9 | 4,315,472,921,456.4 | 5,035,779,695,254.8 | 4,902,253,052,059.0 | 5,103,019,931,842.7 | 5,135,569,539,885.6 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 8.6 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.6 | -3.6 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 12.7 | 11.9 | 0.9 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 2.2 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 9.6 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.8 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 49.8 | 41.3 | 34.4 | 36.2 | 39.2 | 37.5 | 32.9 | 37.9 | 43.2 | 39.7 | 38.0 | 35.9 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 25.3 | 36.3 | 32.5 | 35.3 | 38.8 | 36.9 | 31.7 | 36.1 | 42.1 | 41.1 | .. | .. | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27.8 | 28.5 | 33.4 | 34.0 | 33.7 | 34.4 | 33.5 | 32.3 | 33.9 | 36.7 | 38.4 | .. | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 29.6 | 22.0 | 26.6 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 26.3 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 27.1 | 27.0 | 27.0 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 8.4 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 4.5 | 104.0 | 103.1 | 102.2 | 107.8 | 95.4 | 98.3 | 101.5 | 102.4 | 104.6 | 107.1 | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 8.6 | .. | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 39.3 | 51.1 | 52.1 | 53.9 | 57.9 | 56.8 | 51.4 | 57.5 | 63.2 | 62.5 | 63.6 | 47.2 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Net migration | -728,535.0 | 177,923.0 | -2,404,477.0 | -3,050,174.0 | -2,093,534.0 | -1,224,013.0 | -861,862.0 | -350,050.0 | 1,288,578.0 | 395,727.0 | -197,361.0 | -775,711.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 12,490,748,065.9 | 12,647,043,873.9 | 70,048,796,797.7 | 72,958,061,927.4 | 75,111,888,701.7 | 78,368,192,177.1 | 84,617,649,560.7 | 97,812,873,682.1 | 93,805,346,028.2 | 82,794,334,295.8 | 92,563,151,605.6 | 99,142,447,054.8 | |
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