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Population, total | 7,096,194.0 | 8,592,656.0 | 10,743,349.0 | 10,916,987.0 | 11,090,085.0 | 11,263,015.0 | 11,435,533.0 | 11,606,905.0 | 11,777,315.0 | 11,936,162.0 | 12,079,472.0 | 12,224,110.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 6.6 | 7.9 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.2 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 37.2 | 39.0 | 36.4 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 24.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 2.0 | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 4,935,696,874.8 | 8,287,220,403.1 | 27,255,101,519.0 | 30,352,501,100.9 | 32,208,419,842.6 | 33,490,607,690.3 | 34,575,847,667.4 | 38,242,657,885.6 | 40,542,447,636.9 | 37,214,471,747.6 | 39,785,726,301.3 | 42,221,784,380.0 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 700.0 | 960.0 | 2,540.0 | 2,780.0 | 2,900.0 | 2,970.0 | 3,020.0 | 3,290.0 | 3,440.0 | 3,120.0 | 3,290.0 | 3,450.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 15,452,183,829.0 | 28,129,616,809.4 | 65,495,334,663.0 | 71,666,096,539.8 | 74,894,854,628.6 | 81,222,638,731.9 | 91,495,898,240.4 | 98,192,891,933.5 | 102,565,612,345.6 | 95,701,925,770.1 | 104,567,329,403.8 | 114,947,043,730.0 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,180.0 | 3,270.0 | 6,100.0 | 6,560.0 | 6,750.0 | 7,210.0 | 8,000.0 | 8,460.0 | 8,710.0 | 8,020.0 | 8,660.0 | 9,400.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 1.1 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.3 | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 56.4 | 62.3 | 67.0 | 67.2 | 67.3 | 67.6 | 67.7 | 67.7 | 67.8 | 64.5 | 63.6 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 96.3 | 90.3 | 72.7 | 71.4 | 70.2 | 68.8 | 68.2 | 66.5 | 65.6 | 64.4 | 63.8 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 53.4 | .. | .. | .. | 66.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 67.3 | 84.2 | 83.9 | 88.8 | 89.8 | 99.5 | 71.5 | 81.1 | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 121.5 | 75.6 | 35.2 | 33.3 | 31.6 | 30.2 | 28.9 | 27.7 | 26.6 | 25.6 | 24.7 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 9.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 53.0 | 84.0 | 87.0 | 89.0 | 95.0 | 94.0 | 83.0 | 89.0 | 79.0 | 74.0 | 75.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | 94.4 | 90.7 | 88.8 | 89.9 | 91.6 | 94.8 | 91.6 | 92.9 | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 105.7 | 118.2 | 97.0 | 95.9 | 95.9 | 96.6 | 97.5 | 98.2 | 98.5 | 98.8 | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | 72.9 | 89.9 | 90.4 | 91.4 | 91.4 | 90.3 | 89.7 | 90.0 | 90.2 | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 578,047.2 | 551,013.9 | 524,507.4 | 522,389.8 | 520,272.2 | 517,506.8 | 514,922.2 | 512,532.4 | 510,337.6 | 508,337.6 | 506,207.7 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.9 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 367.9 | 570.8 | 726.3 | 763.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 257.5 | 407.4 | 682.9 | 728.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 4,867,582,597.5 | 8,397,855,937.5 | 30,659,338,885.7 | 32,996,188,017.4 | 33,000,198,248.9 | 33,941,126,193.9 | 37,508,642,170.8 | 40,287,647,930.5 | 40,895,322,850.9 | 36,629,843,806.1 | 40,408,208,523.9 | 43,068,885,672.9 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 4.6 | 2.5 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.2 | -8.7 | 6.1 | 3.1 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 16.3 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 2.0 | -4.6 | -1.4 | 6.1 | 3.1 | -0.7 | -1.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 15.4 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 14.0 | 12.9 | .. | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 31.9 | 25.7 | 28.5 | 27.6 | 25.2 | 25.3 | 26.4 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 23.5 | 26.4 | .. | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 22.8 | 18.3 | 44.1 | 43.3 | 30.9 | 24.5 | 24.9 | 26.0 | 25.0 | 20.3 | 27.8 | .. | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 23.9 | 27.3 | 37.1 | 42.0 | 37.1 | 31.9 | 31.8 | 31.1 | 31.4 | 25.2 | 31.2 | .. | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 12.5 | 18.1 | 19.0 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 22.2 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 15.8 | 16.8 | .. | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 13.7 | 17.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 49.0 | 49.0 | 49.0 | 45.0 | 41.0 | 39.5 | 39.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 50.1 | 55.2 | 67.1 | 76.3 | 78.5 | 85.3 | 92.9 | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 7.2 | 12.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 6.8 | 97.0 | 95.7 | 91.6 | 89.7 | 95.9 | 98.6 | 99.2 | 98.9 | 99.6 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 9.4 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.5 | .. | |
Statistical Capacity Score (Overall Average) (scale 0 - 100) | .. | .. | 72.2 | 76.7 | 78.9 | 68.9 | 67.8 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 66.7 | .. | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 33.1 | 36.4 | 68.5 | 69.2 | 56.0 | 45.7 | 45.7 | 47.1 | 45.3 | 38.5 | 51.0 | 62.0 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 93.4 | 91.6 | 141.0 | 133.6 | 100.0 | 84.5 | 94.9 | 99.6 | 98.7 | 98.0 | 130.7 | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 4,369,976,028.0 | 5,892,765,188.4 | 8,141,786,767.5 | 8,884,014,490.4 | 9,895,204,080.3 | 10,994,252,972.4 | 12,990,057,752.2 | 13,248,377,783.1 | 14,301,150,537.3 | 15,420,129,053.6 | 15,964,123,524.0 | .. | |
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