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| Population, total | 473,635,450.0 | 613,632,482.0 | 921,290,560.0 | 946,011,305.0 | 971,179,323.0 | 997,236,086.0 | 1,023,480,610.0 | 1,049,999,318.0 | 1,076,774,079.0 | 1,103,704,408.0 | 1,131,090,888.0 | 1,158,877,573.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 23,050,651.0 | 23,168,251.0 | 23,191,621.4 | 23,191,610.2 | 23,191,604.0 | 23,191,610.9 | 23,191,587.1 | 23,191,549.3 | 23,191,549.3 | 23,191,552.3 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 23.5 | 30.3 | 40.5 | 41.6 | 42.7 | 43.8 | 45.0 | 46.1 | 47.3 | 48.5 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 375,433,161,546.2 | 440,785,538,199.7 | 1,695,269,188,516.2 | 1,554,388,878,065.4 | 1,489,922,615,660.1 | 1,580,358,914,759.5 | 1,692,302,012,198.4 | 1,657,606,307,786.8 | 1,769,430,208,482.5 | 1,887,225,567,629.9 | 1,894,866,298,486.3 | 1,778,729,298,162.8 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 792.7 | 718.3 | 1,840.1 | 1,643.1 | 1,534.1 | 1,584.7 | 1,653.5 | 1,578.7 | 1,643.3 | 1,709.9 | 1,675.3 | 1,534.9 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 896,501,668,566.5 | 1,370,598,061,053.0 | 3,525,499,827,705.9 | 3,650,495,053,389.1 | 3,834,216,904,956.9 | 3,948,766,032,293.9 | 4,220,533,897,264.8 | 4,267,427,525,528.7 | 4,640,060,792,501.6 | 5,143,774,645,919.6 | 5,443,416,385,747.2 | 5,754,290,449,806.3 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,892.8 | 2,233.6 | 3,826.7 | 3,858.8 | 3,948.0 | 3,959.7 | 4,123.7 | 4,064.2 | 4,309.2 | 4,660.5 | 4,812.5 | 4,965.4 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 50.5 | 51.7 | 58.9 | 59.3 | 59.6 | 60.3 | 60.6 | 60.6 | 60.2 | 61.3 | 62.1 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 133.7 | 126.4 | 113.1 | 109.5 | 106.4 | 104.0 | 101.8 | 99.7 | 98.5 | 97.2 | 96.1 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 16.5 | 23.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 31.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 46.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 66.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 176.4 | 151.3 | 90.2 | 88.1 | 86.4 | 82.1 | 80.0 | 77.0 | 75.1 | 75.1 | 70.4 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 58.7 | 52.7 | 69.1 | 69.4 | 70.9 | 72.0 | 72.7 | 71.2 | 69.0 | 68.2 | 68.3 | 68.8 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 53.1 | 52.8 | 66.3 | 66.7 | 67.1 | 67.9 | 68.3 | 69.1 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 68.8 | 68.9 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 71.1 | 79.5 | 94.6 | 94.9 | 95.4 | 96.2 | 97.1 | 97.9 | 97.1 | 96.0 | 96.8 | 97.1 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 22.6 | 25.4 | 42.9 | 42.5 | 42.9 | 43.2 | 44.0 | 44.7 | 45.3 | 45.4 | 45.7 | 45.9 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 2.7 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 6,827,948.8 | 6,536,903.4 | 6,296,314.5 | 6,256,894.9 | 6,218,297.3 | 6,179,731.4 | 6,140,144.3 | 6,100,953.7 | 6,061,498.8 | 6,022,220.1 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 11.9 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 12.9 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 556.8 | 515.6 | 517.6 | 519.1 | 507.8 | 495.8 | 504.7 | 489.2 | 505.1 | 493.3 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 504.6 | 507.0 | 478.7 | 474.2 | 456.8 | 458.4 | 447.6 | 425.5 | 431.4 | 423.1 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 366,364,639,092.7 | 419,427,320,519.8 | 1,610,309,182,289.4 | 1,453,124,062,366.3 | 1,583,630,214,899.9 | 1,704,078,107,124.5 | 1,745,254,110,180.7 | 1,621,662,123,503.3 | 1,830,970,332,357.4 | 1,956,487,528,375.0 | 1,825,737,943,161.9 | 1,745,534,471,319.0 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 2.3 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | -2.4 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 3.2 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 10.6 | 9.2 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 8.2 | 5.5 | 4.4 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 18.1 | 14.7 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 15.4 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 29.8 | 28.8 | 24.6 | 23.5 | 25.6 | 27.4 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 27.9 | 28.6 | 28.5 | 27.2 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 23.6 | 27.9 | 21.9 | 22.1 | 24.3 | 25.1 | 23.6 | 21.8 | 25.8 | 27.8 | 27.9 | 31.1 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 21.5 | 26.0 | 25.4 | 24.6 | 25.2 | 25.5 | 23.8 | 22.3 | 24.6 | 27.5 | 29.0 | 31.6 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 23.0 | 22.6 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 22.5 | 21.8 | 21.2 | 22.0 | 23.5 | 24.4 | 26.4 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 1.7 | 74.5 | 72.6 | 71.9 | 81.2 | 78.6 | 82.1 | 84.2 | 88.6 | .. | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 5.2 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 34.4 | 42.0 | 41.0 | 39.6 | 39.8 | 42.6 | 40.2 | 36.7 | 42.3 | 46.1 | 47.8 | 50.4 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 176,261,891,941.5 | 216,282,550,772.1 | 515,334,909,176.8 | 560,878,380,187.8 | 655,149,569,448.0 | 697,268,149,441.0 | 746,605,363,794.2 | 786,424,903,748.8 | 825,625,765,602.6 | 841,088,173,933.7 | 863,277,198,321.0 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | 12.3 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 17.2 | 18.3 | 20.0 | 17.9 | 15.7 | 16.0 | .. | |
| Net migration | -730,043.0 | -609,794.0 | -160,630.0 | -866,481.0 | 194,530.0 | 137,984.0 | -161,069.0 | 259,561.0 | 37,214.0 | -292,029.0 | -652,115.0 | -712,684.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 2,342,037,439.0 | 4,789,012,727.2 | 40,982,029,856.0 | 37,422,537,998.5 | 43,008,724,091.6 | 47,978,862,183.0 | 48,910,497,780.9 | 42,669,985,905.2 | 47,503,135,001.5 | 53,029,184,213.0 | 54,226,866,589.6 | 56,079,630,895.8 | |
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