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Population, total | 1,141,498,254.0 | 1,412,194,936.0 | 1,766,896,416.0 | 1,788,492,725.0 | 1,809,951,345.0 | 1,831,474,329.0 | 1,852,836,645.0 | 1,874,070,006.0 | 1,895,144,142.0 | 1,914,263,569.0 | 1,932,289,074.0 | 1,951,539,835.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 5,144,770.0 | 5,137,847.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,681.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 238.8 | 295.9 | 370.3 | 374.9 | 379.4 | 383.9 | 388.4 | 392.9 | 397.3 | 401.3 | 405.1 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | 50.0 | .. | 17.8 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 13.0 | 11.4 | 9.7 | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 424,629,321,137.2 | 622,039,915,741.7 | 2,588,947,321,175.6 | 2,700,067,989,480.0 | 2,907,247,502,386.8 | 3,173,020,160,219.1 | 3,548,986,936,698.0 | 3,749,622,533,661.5 | 3,513,591,258,567.9 | 3,989,662,498,766.9 | 4,391,709,495,471.6 | 4,648,368,520,655.0 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 372.0 | 440.5 | 1,465.3 | 1,509.7 | 1,606.3 | 1,732.5 | 1,915.4 | 2,000.8 | 1,854.0 | 2,084.2 | 2,272.8 | 2,381.9 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 1,424,899,153,875.1 | 2,922,068,335,823.6 | 8,710,791,320,371.3 | 9,212,937,718,697.5 | 9,927,050,735,347.5 | 10,624,705,931,771.8 | 11,697,907,601,650.4 | 12,557,824,288,880.7 | 12,470,734,696,871.1 | 14,382,428,882,879.8 | 16,346,806,838,225.4 | 18,092,337,257,375.1 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,248.3 | 2,069.2 | 4,930.0 | 5,151.2 | 5,484.7 | 5,801.2 | 6,313.5 | 6,700.8 | 6,580.4 | 7,513.3 | 8,459.8 | 9,270.8 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 58.5 | 62.9 | 68.6 | 69.1 | 69.6 | 70.0 | 70.2 | 70.5 | 69.7 | 67.6 | 68.1 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.3 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 137.2 | 113.6 | 39.9 | 31.9 | 28.9 | 28.6 | 28.3 | 27.8 | 27.4 | 26.8 | 26.3 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 40.8 | 45.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 61.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 36.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 81.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 130.2 | 93.5 | 51.9 | 49.4 | 47.0 | 44.9 | 42.8 | 40.9 | 39.1 | 37.4 | 35.9 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 42.8 | 31.6 | 30.9 | 30.2 | 29.5 | 28.7 | 28.1 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 26.0 | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 55.9 | 57.9 | 82.8 | 85.0 | 85.7 | 87.4 | 90.0 | 91.3 | 87.5 | 86.9 | 91.2 | 90.3 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 63.1 | 68.0 | 91.0 | 91.9 | 92.0 | 91.9 | 91.1 | 91.0 | 92.2 | 92.8 | 103.7 | 88.8 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 87.1 | 89.3 | 106.1 | 107.0 | 112.2 | 110.8 | 99.9 | 99.2 | 100.4 | 101.1 | 107.0 | 107.7 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 35.8 | 42.8 | 67.6 | 67.8 | 69.3 | 67.9 | 69.3 | 69.4 | 71.1 | 73.1 | 73.3 | 71.6 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 825,834.3 | 857,850.3 | 884,190.9 | 886,592.9 | 888,601.5 | 891,070.5 | 893,309.3 | 895,548.1 | 897,786.9 | 900,025.7 | 902,264.5 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 6.0 | .. | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 46.5 | 46.6 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 46.4 | 45.6 | 46.2 | 50.0 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 330.0 | 387.9 | 561.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 244.4 | 350.6 | 689.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 406,963,354,249.8 | 647,681,666,329.1 | 2,614,947,275,467.6 | 2,733,651,859,001.2 | 3,011,071,812,937.5 | 3,433,921,311,742.9 | 3,534,066,859,804.7 | 3,658,209,765,835.5 | 3,493,120,726,808.9 | 4,079,874,340,683.1 | 4,327,392,880,815.6 | 4,494,987,381,110.1 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 5.4 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 3.9 | -4.6 | 8.8 | 6.3 | 6.8 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 4.9 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 27.7 | 22.5 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 18.1 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 16.0 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 26.2 | 25.3 | 26.8 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 25.3 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 25.5 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 8.3 | 13.3 | 21.3 | 18.5 | 17.5 | 17.2 | 18.1 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 19.0 | 20.9 | 20.0 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 11.0 | 15.3 | 25.6 | 22.3 | 20.7 | 21.6 | 23.5 | 21.5 | 19.0 | 23.1 | 26.2 | 23.4 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 26.0 | 24.7 | 31.9 | 30.2 | 28.9 | 29.9 | 31.1 | 29.3 | 28.1 | 30.7 | 31.5 | 31.6 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 12.7 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | 9.1 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 17.3 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 14.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 10.3 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.7 | .. | .. | .. | 6.7 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 72.5 | 74.4 | 81.8 | 84.8 | 85.5 | 83.9 | 84.3 | 84.6 | 83.8 | 83.6 | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 14.0 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 16.2 | 22.4 | 37.5 | 31.2 | 27.3 | 28.3 | 30.7 | 28.4 | 24.4 | 30.8 | 34.1 | 30.3 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 124,235,005,383.7 | 162,595,531,798.5 | 608,956,568,232.4 | 640,067,551,262.4 | 629,400,949,511.5 | 718,457,654,388.7 | 744,583,789,601.5 | 804,438,253,563.3 | 831,282,887,545.1 | 912,802,690,838.9 | 918,691,823,421.4 | 961,453,754,730.8 | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 30.2 | 17.1 | 18.1 | 11.2 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 16.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 11.7 | |
Net migration | -659,733.0 | -1,448,545.0 | -3,256,168.0 | -4,263,869.0 | -3,620,581.0 | -3,316,163.0 | -3,279,061.0 | -3,000,114.0 | -1,349,792.0 | -2,347,981.0 | -4,282,634.0 | -3,637,991.0 | |
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