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| Population, total | 3,896,481.0 | 5,537,064.0 | 8,743,246.0 | 8,961,718.0 | 9,178,714.0 | 9,394,513.0 | 9,609,010.0 | 9,815,746.0 | 10,012,896.0 | 10,203,169.0 | 10,389,635.0 | 10,576,502.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | 462,840.0 | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 8.6 | 12.2 | 19.3 | 19.8 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 21.7 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 22.9 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 3,425,628,756.0 | 3,320,882,973.3 | 22,072,947,314.0 | 21,605,357,912.3 | 21,203,311,429.6 | 21,715,188,607.4 | 23,213,597,719.7 | 23,610,383,462.5 | 23,745,323,168.8 | 27,493,953,540.1 | 29,095,066,757.8 | 30,660,103,294.4 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 880.0 | 600.0 | 2,520.0 | 2,410.0 | 2,310.0 | 2,310.0 | 2,420.0 | 2,410.0 | 2,370.0 | 2,690.0 | 2,800.0 | 2,900.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 6,474,475,941.9 | 11,678,066,772.5 | 29,989,720,984.8 | 32,613,538,948.8 | 34,299,826,378.6 | 34,705,324,976.9 | 36,273,441,440.1 | 37,082,737,552.5 | 37,395,476,679.8 | 42,439,401,760.7 | 44,886,428,509.6 | 48,467,026,765.9 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,660.0 | 2,110.0 | 3,430.0 | 3,640.0 | 3,740.0 | 3,690.0 | 3,770.0 | 3,780.0 | 3,730.0 | 4,160.0 | 4,320.0 | 4,580.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 59.8 | 61.6 | 64.5 | 64.7 | 64.9 | 65.1 | 65.3 | 65.1 | 64.4 | 65.3 | 66.1 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.2 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 84.6 | 77.4 | 61.7 | 59.2 | 58.5 | 57.8 | 57.0 | 56.4 | 55.7 | 55.0 | 54.1 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 36.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 41.0 | .. | .. | .. | 56.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 84.7 | 71.9 | 51.7 | 50.2 | 48.7 | 47.2 | 45.9 | 44.5 | 43.1 | 41.7 | 40.3 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 67.0 | 69.0 | 57.0 | 46.0 | 41.0 | 37.0 | 37.0 | 44.0 | 35.0 | 41.0 | 52.0 | 44.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 51.7 | 52.2 | .. | 74.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 81.0 | .. | 82.7 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 69.5 | 68.4 | .. | 104.5 | .. | 110.1 | 105.3 | 102.1 | 101.9 | 111.1 | 121.1 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 44.6 | 46.3 | 44.6 | 45.8 | .. | 52.1 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 363,996.8 | 362,779.7 | 360,244.2 | 359,898.8 | 359,563.5 | 359,228.2 | 358,892.9 | 358,557.6 | 358,222.3 | 357,887.0 | 357,551.7 | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.1 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 3,219,729,083.1 | 3,521,339,699.1 | 21,723,437,010.1 | 20,758,876,952.6 | 22,742,699,138.4 | 24,109,780,708.0 | 24,750,626,029.9 | 23,848,447,849.6 | 26,109,413,521.3 | 31,653,185,952.6 | 30,816,367,067.0 | 31,800,428,265.5 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | -3.0 | -2.5 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 3.5 | -0.3 | 4.5 | -3.2 | -0.5 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 4.1 | 13.1 | -1.2 | 2.5 | 7.7 | 9.8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 11.6 | 15.0 | -4.3 | 6.7 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 29.0 | 34.0 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 16.9 | 17.0 | .. | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 30.4 | 39.3 | 34.8 | 34.7 | 36.4 | 36.9 | 36.7 | 33.0 | 34.0 | 40.3 | 36.3 | .. | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 40.6 | 66.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 48.9 | 49.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 24.4 | 21.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 40.5 | 44.6 | 41.0 | 36.5 | 37.3 | 41.7 | 38.8 | 32.6 | 36.5 | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 40.7 | 42.2 | 43.8 | 45.8 | 47.2 | 49.1 | 48.1 | 49.2 | 34.1 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 29.8 | 44.8 | 40.1 | 12.0 | 10.2 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 73.6 | 92.2 | 50.7 | 49.4 | 57.2 | 58.2 | 60.9 | 53.1 | 58.3 | 64.7 | 59.2 | 56.9 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 58.7 | 100.0 | 96.7 | 101.0 | 100.8 | 95.8 | 92.7 | 146.5 | 193.9 | 130.3 | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 2,593,899,557.8 | 2,325,079,588.0 | 20,386,681,359.9 | 19,247,283,289.3 | 17,223,736,382.3 | 17,723,605,372.7 | 18,744,676,569.0 | 18,046,873,709.3 | 19,711,775,407.6 | 19,606,599,470.6 | 15,483,629,098.5 | 12,854,160,687.9 | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 37.2 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 44.8 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 20.8 | 29.2 | 36.5 | 29.8 | 42.2 | 43.3 | |
| Net migration | 2,398.0 | 41,855.0 | 30,580.0 | 28,473.0 | 26,513.0 | 24,684.0 | 22,978.0 | 10,703.0 | 10,703.0 | -787.0 | -787.0 | -707.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 5,436,425.7 | 7,226,507.2 | 3,944,547.9 | 2,694,279.5 | 4,262,316.6 | 3,646,878.5 | 29,347,869.5 | 2,297,151.0 | 3,103,856.1 | 14,620,340.2 | 13,505,730.4 | 3,866,122.2 | |
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