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| Population, total | 82,820,170.0 | 98,625,552.0 | 119,784,261.0 | 121,072,306.0 | 122,251,351.0 | 123,400,057.0 | 124,573,711.0 | 125,762,982.0 | 126,799,054.0 | 127,648,148.0 | 128,613,117.0 | 129,739,759.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 1,964,380.0 | 1,964,380.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | 1,964,375.0 | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 42.6 | 50.7 | 61.6 | 62.3 | 62.9 | 63.5 | 64.1 | 64.7 | 65.2 | 65.7 | 66.2 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 43.6 | .. | 41.9 | .. | 43.9 | .. | 36.3 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 10.7 | 4.0 | .. | 2.3 | .. | 1.9 | .. | 2.1 | .. | 1.2 | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 233,734,070,296.4 | 648,091,263,198.0 | 1,311,930,001,624.1 | 1,280,511,652,391.4 | 1,190,381,172,086.5 | 1,143,310,436,797.6 | 1,191,161,317,295.4 | 1,240,366,188,379.6 | 1,130,586,047,340.2 | 1,261,065,448,422.3 | 1,379,016,318,503.8 | 1,554,141,013,602.3 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 2,820.0 | 6,570.0 | 10,950.0 | 10,580.0 | 9,740.0 | 9,270.0 | 9,560.0 | 9,860.0 | 8,920.0 | 9,880.0 | 10,720.0 | 11,980.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 692,467,264,079.4 | 1,130,845,242,092.6 | 2,200,816,239,706.1 | 2,251,759,227,566.5 | 2,393,565,436,264.1 | 2,464,263,194,964.3 | 2,538,887,671,170.3 | 2,562,369,414,126.2 | 2,375,240,560,690.7 | 2,583,563,141,012.9 | 2,932,332,190,463.7 | 3,133,055,407,357.4 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 8,360.0 | 11,470.0 | 18,370.0 | 18,600.0 | 19,580.0 | 19,970.0 | 20,380.0 | 20,370.0 | 18,730.0 | 20,240.0 | 22,800.0 | 24,150.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 3.4 | 4.7 | .. | 5.0 | .. | 5.2 | .. | 5.3 | .. | 5.6 | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 70.0 | 73.6 | 74.8 | 74.7 | 74.4 | 74.1 | 74.0 | 74.2 | 70.1 | 70.2 | 74.8 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 84.1 | 72.3 | 74.4 | 69.3 | 66.1 | 64.5 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 62.6 | 62.0 | 61.1 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 72.3 | 66.9 | .. | .. | 73.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 83.8 | 88.6 | 95.6 | 97.7 | 98.0 | 96.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 45.2 | 28.2 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 13.7 | 13.3 | 12.8 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | 3.9 | 4.2 | .. | .. | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 75.0 | 96.0 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 96.0 | 76.0 | 97.0 | 73.0 | 92.0 | 99.0 | 86.0 | 76.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 91.8 | 96.7 | 111.5 | 106.0 | 104.7 | 104.3 | 102.4 | 102.5 | 102.6 | 102.8 | 102.2 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 115.7 | 109.1 | 108.6 | 107.0 | 106.4 | 105.8 | 105.2 | 105.1 | 104.5 | 103.4 | 102.0 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 56.7 | 71.1 | 97.3 | 101.0 | 102.9 | 105.1 | 106.0 | 105.5 | 102.6 | 98.3 | 98.4 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 705,916.5 | 683,813.5 | 664,533.9 | 663,309.1 | 662,031.5 | 660,753.8 | 659,476.1 | 658,198.5 | 656,920.8 | 655,643.2 | 654,365.5 | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.8 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 19.0 | .. | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 15.2 | 16.7 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 21.9 | 22.0 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 1,493.4 | 1,520.9 | 1,569.3 | 1,547.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,201.1 | 1,805.5 | 2,167.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 261,253,675,692.8 | 742,061,329,643.4 | 1,364,507,717,614.1 | 1,213,294,467,716.9 | 1,112,233,497,452.7 | 1,190,721,475,906.0 | 1,256,300,182,879.7 | 1,304,106,203,694.8 | 1,121,064,767,261.9 | 1,316,569,466,932.6 | 1,464,312,692,331.6 | 1,789,114,434,843.5 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 5.3 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | -0.4 | -8.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 3.2 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 28.1 | 10.7 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 6.7 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 26.1 | 34.4 | 31.9 | 30.8 | 30.6 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 31.8 | 31.0 | 32.0 | 33.1 | 31.6 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 18.7 | 24.2 | 31.5 | 34.2 | 36.8 | 37.5 | 39.0 | 38.5 | 39.2 | 40.6 | 42.7 | 36.0 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 19.8 | 25.7 | 32.6 | 36.3 | 38.9 | 39.4 | 41.2 | 38.9 | 37.6 | 42.5 | 45.7 | 37.2 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 23.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 23.9 | 23.5 | 22.1 | 20.2 | 21.7 | 22.8 | 24.6 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 15.4 | 11.6 | 17.7 | 18.4 | 19.2 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 19.3 | 19.1 | |
| Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 8.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | 26.7 | 47.3 | 50.7 | 53.1 | 53.3 | 52.9 | 56.7 | 61.6 | 60.5 | 58.9 | 58.8 | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 11.8 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 14.3 | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.1 | 14.4 | 88.4 | 89.6 | 91.9 | 93.1 | 96.9 | 97.6 | 97.5 | 99.8 | 100.3 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 20.2 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 21.5 | 19.8 | 20.5 | 17.6 | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 32.3 | 46.6 | 59.3 | 64.8 | 69.4 | 70.7 | 73.8 | 71.1 | 72.3 | 77.3 | 82.2 | 67.9 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 109.2 | 106.9 | 115.7 | 100.0 | 93.9 | 98.1 | 100.5 | 101.4 | 96.8 | 96.8 | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 104,604,453,446.9 | 178,113,615,414.8 | 544,166,999,708.7 | 538,015,200,055.6 | 544,792,453,300.0 | 578,638,429,804.9 | 602,000,702,060.1 | 617,449,991,504.4 | 616,686,384,395.0 | 601,474,054,897.8 | 585,464,239,733.2 | 595,917,670,218.0 | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 21.8 | 31.9 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 18.9 | 14.3 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 8.7 | 8.1 | |
| Net migration | -321,764.0 | -356,433.0 | -228,816.0 | -291,044.0 | -304,472.0 | -227,499.0 | -175,356.0 | -169,628.0 | -147,456.0 | -122,791.0 | -108,438.0 | -101,044.0 | |
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