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| Population, total | 2,977,912.0 | 2,924,668.0 | 2,803,186.0 | 2,755,189.0 | 2,707,203.0 | 2,664,224.0 | 2,635,130.0 | 2,595,809.0 | 2,528,654.0 | 2,457,783.0 | 2,402,306.0 | .. | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 0.3 | -0.2 | -1.2 | -1.7 | -1.8 | -1.6 | -1.1 | -1.5 | -2.6 | -2.8 | -2.3 | .. | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 33,760.0 | 33,840.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | 33,850.0 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | .. | 101.8 | 97.6 | 95.9 | 94.3 | 92.8 | 91.7 | 90.4 | 88.1 | 85.4 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 25.2 | 26.8 | 24.5 | 31.1 | 31.6 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 41.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | .. | 1,421,447,255.3 | 8,888,973,952.4 | 9,103,276,125.7 | 10,426,312,297.6 | 11,973,406,929.1 | 11,501,635,280.3 | 13,675,309,063.9 | 14,011,501,446.7 | 15,362,665,099.2 | 16,521,563,319.0 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | .. | 490.0 | 3,170.0 | 3,300.0 | 3,850.0 | 4,490.0 | 4,360.0 | 5,270.0 | 5,540.0 | 6,250.0 | 6,880.0 | .. | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 20,640,414,224.7 | 9,276,739,425.2 | 30,562,698,896.9 | 32,812,846,503.6 | 33,659,492,408.4 | 37,608,242,312.1 | 36,852,813,939.9 | 41,500,056,971.4 | 41,774,900,049.5 | 44,314,347,133.8 | 44,948,769,828.4 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 6,930.0 | 3,170.0 | 10,900.0 | 11,910.0 | 12,430.0 | 14,120.0 | 13,990.0 | 15,990.0 | 16,520.0 | 18,030.0 | 18,710.0 | .. | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 6.9 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 67.9 | 67.5 | 70.2 | 70.4 | 70.2 | 70.2 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 71.5 | 71.2 | 71.3 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 58.1 | 42.0 | 35.4 | 32.4 | 31.0 | 28.2 | 26.4 | 25.0 | 22.4 | 23.0 | 22.7 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 62.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 56.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 100.0 | 98.0 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.6 | 99.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 33.5 | 31.4 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.5 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | .. | 89.0 | 88.0 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 97.0 | 84.0 | 83.0 | 84.0 | 85.0 | 84.0 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | 106.6 | 107.2 | 101.8 | 102.4 | 104.1 | 106.4 | 108.0 | 109.1 | 108.1 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | .. | .. | 104.5 | 103.7 | 103.3 | 105.1 | 106.5 | 106.8 | 107.0 | 106.7 | 107.6 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | .. | 106.0 | 94.4 | 95.9 | 95.7 | 96.2 | 96.6 | 97.6 | 97.9 | 99.3 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | .. | 3,444.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | 3,865.0 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 11.5 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 85.9 | 52.0 | 51.9 | 51.7 | 51.8 | 52.2 | 52.2 | 52.2 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | -0.2 | -0.5 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -1.2 | -1.4 | -1.1 | .. | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 3,322.3 | 985.9 | 1,356.3 | 1,397.6 | 1,495.6 | 1,500.0 | 1,461.5 | 1,611.5 | 1,422.6 | 1,296.8 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,015.6 | 2,038.5 | 1,882.5 | 2,005.7 | 2,126.5 | 2,166.5 | 2,198.4 | 2,401.2 | 2,255.4 | 2,411.5 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 3,592,857,043.1 | 1,288,429,391.8 | 7,980,917,075.8 | 9,514,404,016.2 | 11,252,353,420.9 | 11,736,797,054.7 | 11,530,746,234.4 | 13,691,869,264.1 | 14,525,337,523.7 | 16,711,906,746.2 | 18,200,340,853.7 | .. | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | .. | 2.1 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.6 | -8.3 | 13.9 | -4.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | .. | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | .. | 27.3 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 18.9 | 9.3 | 6.6 | .. | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | .. | 25.4 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | .. | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | .. | 19.1 | 21.2 | 21.0 | 22.1 | 21.9 | 23.1 | 20.6 | 19.1 | 17.7 | 16.8 | .. | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 49.6 | 32.9 | 32.5 | 30.7 | 31.2 | 27.9 | 30.6 | 41.2 | 35.1 | 31.4 | .. | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 76.6 | 56.1 | 56.1 | 56.8 | 56.4 | 51.4 | 57.8 | 70.9 | 58.9 | 57.3 | .. | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | .. | 23.9 | 22.0 | 21.9 | 26.6 | 25.1 | 23.9 | 26.9 | 27.3 | 20.1 | 21.1 | .. | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | 24.5 | 25.7 | 27.5 | 28.2 | 27.6 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 29.3 | 29.4 | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 27.0 | 23.5 | 24.9 | 27.1 | 31.0 | 29.3 | 29.4 | 28.6 | 32.0 | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | 14.7 | 16.4 | 17.7 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.6 | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | .. | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 3.3 | 117.0 | 117.3 | 115.3 | 116.1 | 111.4 | 129.0 | 137.2 | 129.5 | 120.1 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 3.5 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | .. | 96.9 | 76.0 | 76.3 | 75.2 | 73.5 | 68.4 | 75.4 | 93.3 | 76.1 | 69.3 | .. | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 138.1 | 102.8 | 102.7 | 98.9 | 98.3 | 112.6 | 108.0 | 99.8 | 90.9 | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | 1,841,764,696.6 | 6,217,992,082.0 | 6,967,883,842.8 | 7,285,819,232.0 | 7,311,334,078.8 | 7,948,372,177.9 | 9,067,599,919.5 | 9,752,045,571.4 | 10,662,682,776.4 | 10,491,120,731.8 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | 22.5 | 12.9 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 17.5 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 19.1 | 16.6 | .. | |
| Net migration | -30,053.0 | -43,854.0 | -51,642.0 | -43,871.0 | -36,085.0 | -41,233.0 | -33,405.0 | -33,405.0 | 89,154.0 | -18,570.0 | -27,088.0 | -29,766.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | .. | 177,580,000.0 | 1,467,220,000.0 | 1,637,870,000.0 | 1,837,930,000.0 | 1,909,910,000.0 | 1,876,620,000.0 | 2,119,330,000.0 | 2,037,820,000.0 | 2,011,901,335.8 | 1,917,794,095.0 | .. | |
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