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| Population, total | 1,711,634,869.0 | 2,126,559,759.0 | 2,806,590,212.0 | 2,847,931,114.0 | 2,888,561,818.0 | 2,928,617,292.0 | 2,968,398,856.0 | 3,006,243,027.0 | 3,043,358,377.0 | 3,082,002,881.0 | 3,120,980,912.0 | .. | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .. | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 19,319,341.0 | 19,307,331.0 | 19,310,999.0 | 19,311,346.0 | 19,310,945.0 | 19,311,005.0 | 19,311,036.0 | 19,311,044.8 | 19,305,015.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 95.4 | 113.8 | 150.1 | 152.3 | 154.5 | 156.6 | 158.8 | 160.8 | 162.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | 51.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.4 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 12.5 | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 781,524,744,678.5 | 1,218,814,058,109.0 | 5,309,152,497,244.0 | 5,528,290,561,420.5 | 6,025,031,312,075.6 | 6,410,228,470,338.9 | 6,189,726,366,093.0 | 6,955,172,969,753.9 | 7,665,849,412,405.1 | 7,999,151,056,529.0 | 8,011,548,656,231.8 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 456.6 | 573.1 | 1,891.7 | 1,941.2 | 2,085.8 | 2,188.8 | 2,085.2 | 2,313.6 | 2,518.9 | 2,595.4 | 2,567.0 | .. | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 2,636,629,005,313.0 | 5,113,394,398,670.5 | 16,578,601,704,820.3 | 17,773,245,102,182.3 | 19,298,353,535,762.4 | 20,776,704,713,354.3 | 20,901,003,294,882.3 | 23,283,555,804,160.3 | 26,527,795,643,946.0 | 29,228,740,463,597.3 | 31,573,733,626,581.5 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,540.4 | 2,404.5 | 5,907.0 | 6,240.8 | 6,681.0 | 7,094.4 | 7,041.2 | 7,745.1 | 8,716.6 | 9,483.7 | 10,116.6 | .. | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 58.4 | 61.7 | 67.7 | 68.0 | 68.3 | 68.6 | 68.0 | 66.4 | 69.3 | 69.6 | 69.8 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.6 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 121.2 | 101.7 | 46.0 | 45.1 | 44.2 | 43.3 | 42.6 | 42.3 | 42.1 | 42.0 | 41.2 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 37.2 | 43.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 57.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 42.4 | .. | .. | .. | 77.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 127.9 | 97.8 | 53.5 | 52.0 | 50.6 | 49.3 | 48.1 | 47.0 | 46.0 | 44.9 | 43.8 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 32.3 | 21.9 | 21.4 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 19.2 | 18.7 | 18.2 | 17.8 | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 61.2 | 62.6 | 81.9 | 83.1 | 85.0 | 86.0 | 83.5 | 81.2 | 84.0 | 84.1 | 86.4 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 71.0 | 72.8 | 88.2 | 87.9 | 87.3 | 86.8 | 87.8 | 88.4 | 94.6 | 86.6 | 88.0 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 83.3 | 93.8 | 104.4 | 103.5 | 97.2 | 96.9 | 97.8 | 98.1 | 101.3 | 102.5 | 105.4 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 41.4 | 44.3 | 65.2 | 64.5 | 65.7 | 66.1 | 67.3 | 68.5 | 68.9 | 68.4 | 68.0 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.6 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 6,120,721.6 | 5,981,054.5 | 5,635,166.3 | 5,612,452.5 | 5,589,821.8 | 5,567,109.7 | 5,544,591.0 | 5,521,943.4 | 5,499,280.3 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 9.7 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 18.5 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 19.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | .. | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 362.8 | 401.5 | 562.3 | 576.7 | 588.6 | 592.1 | 571.9 | 599.6 | 622.4 | 639.3 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 287.9 | 370.7 | 754.2 | 784.6 | 824.4 | 842.2 | 794.7 | 841.9 | 904.2 | 956.2 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 740,238,512,582.9 | 1,188,901,754,149.3 | 5,319,173,245,722.6 | 5,770,458,203,695.0 | 6,022,782,110,521.0 | 6,527,442,965,633.7 | 6,297,797,215,276.8 | 7,124,669,005,626.3 | 7,588,963,714,928.0 | 7,684,634,708,973.7 | 7,941,312,381,464.5 | .. | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 5.1 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.1 | -4.0 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.2 | .. | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 10.6 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 4.7 | .. | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 25.3 | 20.2 | 16.0 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 16.0 | 15.7 | .. | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 28.4 | 27.2 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 27.6 | 26.6 | 26.2 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 26.9 | 26.7 | .. | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 14.8 | 21.0 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 24.7 | 23.3 | 22.2 | 24.6 | 27.1 | 26.5 | 27.2 | .. | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 18.8 | 23.5 | 26.0 | 27.9 | 29.6 | 27.0 | 24.5 | 28.6 | 31.8 | 29.6 | 30.7 | .. | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 27.1 | 24.3 | 28.1 | 29.6 | 30.5 | 28.0 | 26.4 | 28.9 | 30.0 | 30.2 | 30.5 | .. | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 14.0 | 13.9 | 14.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | .. | 86.6 | 88.1 | 90.7 | 92.4 | 92.9 | 92.8 | 93.6 | 92.8 | 90.9 | 89.9 | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 12.4 | 16.9 | 18.0 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 19.0 | 20.4 | 21.6 | .. | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 27.3 | 36.5 | 37.1 | 39.7 | 42.6 | 39.4 | 35.8 | 42.4 | 46.3 | 42.4 | 43.6 | .. | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 392,839,670,182.5 | 470,233,612,669.5 | 1,407,130,685,021.1 | 1,599,951,991,084.5 | 1,689,639,591,892.9 | 1,830,249,388,034.5 | 1,964,382,367,445.7 | 2,125,909,500,494.1 | 2,175,568,780,504.7 | 2,262,884,453,479.1 | 2,337,433,932,367.3 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 25.5 | 17.0 | 15.0 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 14.5 | .. | |
| Net migration | 269,681.0 | -1,196,225.0 | -4,010,787.0 | -3,985,519.0 | -4,219,036.0 | -3,885,755.0 | -1,835,442.0 | -2,226,969.0 | -4,342,646.0 | -4,030,263.0 | -3,650,851.0 | -3,535,408.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 16,115,794,566.4 | 38,705,026,754.0 | 234,516,319,364.0 | 255,997,228,712.7 | 277,534,064,102.3 | 292,578,634,948.9 | 292,800,014,830.7 | 321,337,370,787.3 | 353,701,677,658.2 | 352,108,748,452.6 | 394,182,236,087.6 | .. | |
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