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Population, total | 10,473,673.0 | 12,689,206.0 | 16,035,124.0 | 16,266,225.0 | 16,505,139.0 | 16,759,519.0 | 17,049,547.0 | 17,340,021.0 | 17,546,065.0 | 17,682,454.0 | 17,823,897.0 | 17,980,083.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 283,560.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 37.8 | 51.1 | 64.6 | 65.5 | 66.5 | 67.5 | 68.6 | 69.8 | 70.6 | 71.2 | 71.8 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 22.5 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 21.5 | 23.2 | 25.0 | 33.0 | 27.7 | 25.2 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 28.2 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.8 | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 14,025,768,045.6 | 19,065,970,014.8 | 99,209,162,263.5 | 97,078,893,908.6 | 94,956,077,961.1 | 99,440,973,511.4 | 104,357,370,587.1 | 105,771,371,469.1 | 94,881,291,346.4 | 108,137,204,867.7 | 117,397,464,111.3 | 118,411,862,812.6 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,340.0 | 1,500.0 | 6,190.0 | 5,970.0 | 5,750.0 | 5,930.0 | 6,120.0 | 6,100.0 | 5,410.0 | 6,120.0 | 6,590.0 | 6,590.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 44,482,683,349.5 | 66,911,195,184.7 | 186,961,706,891.0 | 173,824,904,854.9 | 176,153,185,406.3 | 193,171,305,349.3 | 202,234,578,592.3 | 211,310,979,583.3 | 195,230,092,365.4 | 235,557,629,070.3 | 267,891,978,262.0 | 282,362,388,849.3 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 4,250.0 | 5,270.0 | 11,660.0 | 10,690.0 | 10,670.0 | 11,530.0 | 11,860.0 | 12,190.0 | 11,130.0 | 13,320.0 | 15,030.0 | 15,700.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 3.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 69.3 | 72.8 | 76.6 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 77.0 | 77.1 | 77.3 | 72.2 | 73.7 | 77.9 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 91.9 | 89.9 | 80.4 | 79.4 | 74.6 | 73.9 | 72.5 | 68.0 | 62.6 | 58.6 | 57.0 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 74.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 77.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 70.9 | 94.7 | 94.2 | 94.1 | 95.6 | 95.9 | 97.2 | 99.4 | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 53.9 | 29.5 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.2 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | 5.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 60.0 | 99.0 | 85.0 | 84.0 | 86.0 | 81.0 | 83.0 | 83.0 | 81.0 | 65.0 | 74.0 | 74.0 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 94.2 | 105.8 | 99.3 | 96.7 | 98.9 | 98.4 | 95.8 | 95.4 | 93.9 | 99.5 | 100.2 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 117.8 | 107.4 | 106.0 | 101.2 | 99.0 | 98.2 | 98.9 | 98.4 | 98.1 | 98.2 | 99.6 | 97.3 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 56.5 | 56.0 | 102.6 | 100.8 | 99.6 | 97.4 | 96.0 | 94.7 | 94.7 | 95.2 | 94.8 | 93.4 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 146,322.1 | 137,305.0 | 128,609.8 | 128,191.8 | 127,549.1 | 126,906.4 | 126,263.7 | 125,621.0 | 124,978.3 | 124,335.6 | 123,692.9 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.4 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 20.0 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 604.4 | 694.7 | 884.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 469.6 | 634.5 | 1,369.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 15,239,272,611.6 | 17,539,454,727.4 | 102,717,794,000.0 | 97,209,558,000.0 | 97,671,433,000.0 | 104,467,486,000.0 | 107,478,962,000.0 | 107,595,829,000.0 | 95,865,472,000.0 | 107,435,101,000.0 | 116,586,079,000.0 | 118,844,826,000.0 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 3.7 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 0.1 | -0.7 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | -9.2 | 9.8 | 6.2 | 2.4 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 5.8 | -11.7 | 2.1 | -5.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | -0.1 | -1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | -0.4 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 20.5 | 12.4 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 7.7 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 30.1 | 34.7 | 35.7 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 26.7 | 24.0 | 27.4 | 29.2 | 26.9 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 22.8 | 37.6 | 31.4 | 22.8 | 20.5 | 21.5 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 27.0 | 30.8 | 29.1 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 21.8 | 27.9 | 30.1 | 25.1 | 20.0 | 22.1 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 20.7 | 26.1 | 30.8 | 28.8 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 20.2 | 17.2 | 24.7 | 22.7 | 20.2 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 21.0 | 17.6 | 21.0 | 22.3 | 21.4 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 28.9 | 30.8 | 28.6 | 28.0 | 31.2 | 29.7 | 27.1 | 29.6 | 30.8 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 55.5 | 50.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 30.7 | 31.8 | 36.4 | 38.0 | 40.5 | 44.6 | 52.1 | 56.1 | 57.2 | 62.0 | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 14.0 | 16.4 | 14.5 | 13.7 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 13.0 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 104.1 | 79.9 | 84.4 | 87.7 | 92.7 | 91.4 | 88.0 | 94.3 | 97.2 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 5.6 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 7.3 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 30.0 | 49.3 | 52.0 | 41.0 | 33.9 | 37.5 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 39.9 | 48.8 | 56.4 | 52.2 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 101.1 | 88.5 | 131.9 | 100.0 | 95.4 | 103.6 | 112.9 | 109.0 | 93.8 | 107.4 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 12,162,620,647.2 | 17,182,982,890.6 | 24,984,256,767.9 | 28,405,810,428.0 | 35,395,057,632.2 | 41,170,619,133.1 | 44,972,778,938.7 | 51,908,820,292.2 | 56,397,276,775.8 | 58,115,985,989.7 | 60,683,764,801.2 | 60,563,619,918.5 | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 33.2 | 51.0 | 13.8 | 23.6 | 26.6 | 29.1 | 35.7 | 35.8 | 41.4 | 22.7 | 14.7 | 19.1 | |
Net migration | -21,164.0 | -40,859.0 | 2,273.0 | 14,724.0 | 35,461.0 | 53,707.0 | 95,482.0 | 54,921.0 | -10,320.0 | -28,503.0 | -23,090.0 | -21,948.0 | |
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