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Population, total | 8,718,289.0 | 8,170,172.0 | 7,223,938.0 | 7,177,991.0 | 7,127,822.0 | 7,075,947.0 | 7,025,037.0 | 6,975,761.0 | 6,934,015.0 | 6,877,743.0 | 6,465,097.0 | 6,430,370.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | -1.8 | -0.5 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.6 | -0.8 | -6.2 | -0.5 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 110,990.0 | 110,990.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | 111,000.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 78.8 | 73.9 | 66.5 | 66.1 | 65.7 | 65.2 | 64.7 | 64.3 | 63.9 | 63.4 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | 22.9 | 23.4 | 22.0 | 22.6 | 23.8 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 20.6 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | 1.7 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 19,583,467,212.3 | 13,562,745,977.2 | 55,665,386,417.8 | 53,359,150,403.4 | 52,781,352,541.6 | 53,947,735,690.9 | 59,958,443,794.7 | 66,274,613,365.0 | 66,086,984,108.8 | 75,965,019,544.2 | 86,291,504,891.4 | 92,955,120,587.3 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 2,250.0 | 1,660.0 | 7,710.0 | 7,430.0 | 7,400.0 | 7,620.0 | 8,530.0 | 9,500.0 | 9,530.0 | 11,050.0 | 13,350.0 | 14,460.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 60,567,273,943.8 | 51,194,149,323.6 | 126,158,370,637.5 | 127,898,889,122.7 | 138,632,814,167.1 | 148,486,492,458.6 | 156,368,852,054.2 | 173,033,295,033.9 | 172,334,104,062.6 | 194,206,111,794.2 | 221,776,157,400.8 | 240,388,856,827.3 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 6,950.0 | 6,270.0 | 17,460.0 | 17,820.0 | 19,450.0 | 20,980.0 | 22,260.0 | 24,800.0 | 24,850.0 | 28,240.0 | 34,300.0 | 37,380.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | 6.0 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.1 | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 71.6 | 71.7 | 74.5 | 74.6 | 74.8 | 74.8 | 75.0 | 75.1 | 73.7 | 71.5 | 74.4 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 69.9 | 45.2 | 42.0 | 39.2 | 37.9 | 38.4 | 39.2 | 39.2 | 39.2 | 38.6 | 38.2 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 99.1 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 93.4 | 95.1 | 93.9 | 93.0 | 92.3 | 94.6 | 94.5 | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 18.4 | 17.5 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.1 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | 1.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 99.0 | 89.0 | 93.0 | 92.0 | 92.0 | 94.0 | 93.0 | 95.0 | 88.0 | 89.0 | 91.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 102.8 | 95.8 | 99.0 | 99.6 | 98.1 | 98.9 | 97.0 | 97.1 | 97.7 | 94.3 | 95.7 | .. | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 99.5 | 104.7 | 99.2 | 99.1 | 98.1 | 97.6 | 96.8 | 96.4 | 96.5 | 95.6 | 95.9 | .. | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 100.6 | 79.9 | 104.9 | 103.9 | 103.0 | 103.5 | 104.0 | 102.7 | 101.4 | 98.7 | 96.7 | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 33,270.0 | 33,750.0 | 38,138.0 | 38,330.0 | 38,410.0 | 38,540.0 | 38,670.0 | 38,800.0 | 38,930.0 | 39,060.0 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 28.3 | 28.3 | 28.3 | 32.8 | 33.1 | 33.1 | 33.1 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 36.3 | 29.2 | 25.6 | 26.8 | 27.1 | 26.9 | 25.8 | 25.8 | 24.2 | 24.2 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | -1.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -5.7 | -0.1 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 3,237.4 | 2,277.4 | 2,477.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 4,758.7 | 3,673.6 | 4,708.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 20,632,090,909.1 | 13,245,990,274.5 | 57,157,782,909.9 | 50,811,995,688.7 | 53,964,253,211.8 | 59,309,748,166.1 | 66,370,132,238.4 | 68,881,010,245.5 | 70,368,758,395.1 | 84,041,493,015.7 | 90,346,169,914.9 | 101,584,384,672.8 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | -9.1 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 4.0 | -4.0 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 1.8 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 26.2 | 7.4 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 7.1 | 16.2 | 7.5 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 17.7 | 11.0 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.0 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 51.3 | 22.7 | 23.4 | 24.0 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 22.4 | 21.7 | 21.8 | 20.9 | 25.5 | 25.4 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 33.1 | 36.2 | 64.6 | 63.8 | 63.9 | 67.0 | 65.7 | 63.9 | 56.1 | 61.4 | 69.2 | 60.9 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 36.7 | 41.5 | 65.7 | 62.9 | 59.0 | 62.7 | 63.2 | 60.7 | 54.2 | 59.6 | 69.0 | 57.7 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 25.6 | 19.0 | 21.5 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 19.8 | 21.2 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 23.4 | 18.8 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 35.7 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 27.0 | 24.9 | 25.5 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 24.8 | 25.6 | 28.8 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 25.0 | 25.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 23.8 | 20.5 | 19.6 | 20.1 | 20.3 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 21.8 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.8 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 9.1 | 128.7 | 125.8 | 123.8 | 118.8 | 117.8 | 115.3 | 113.8 | 114.8 | 117.4 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 7.6 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 12.1 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 49.1 | 86.0 | 111.8 | 107.4 | 102.9 | 110.6 | 107.7 | 103.1 | 95.2 | 104.0 | 119.4 | 99.8 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 86.7 | 96.0 | 100.0 | 101.8 | 99.8 | 99.0 | 99.1 | 103.1 | 102.2 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 10,889,618,418.3 | 12,008,623,065.1 | 47,074,927,807.1 | 40,378,595,624.5 | 39,994,027,753.1 | 40,989,144,703.6 | 40,103,456,193.4 | 40,501,402,414.8 | 46,867,045,226.7 | 44,946,801,413.5 | 47,206,483,345.4 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 19.4 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 28.2 | 22.8 | 21.1 | 15.2 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 14.8 | .. | |
Net migration | -29,479.0 | -11,295.0 | -15,527.0 | -15,356.0 | -14,947.0 | -13,560.0 | -12,115.0 | -11,439.0 | -9,902.0 | -8,716.0 | -4,800.0 | -4,800.0 | |
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