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| Population, total | 32,755,901.0 | 37,213,984.0 | 42,582,455.0 | 43,024,071.0 | 43,477,012.0 | 43,900,313.0 | 44,288,894.0 | 44,654,882.0 | 44,973,465.0 | 45,191,965.0 | 45,312,281.0 | 45,407,904.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | 2,780,400.0 | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 12.0 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 15.7 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 30.3 | 25.7 | 32.0 | 35.5 | 42.0 | 37.3 | 39.2 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 7.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .. | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 104,077,656,083.2 | 275,544,288,842.8 | 543,284,023,697.9 | 526,784,533,342.4 | 543,279,945,585.5 | 532,504,167,159.5 | 578,798,149,500.9 | 553,193,024,104.4 | 504,056,284,870.9 | 408,628,794,998.7 | 456,257,174,738.4 | 539,796,984,147.4 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 3,180.0 | 7,400.0 | 12,760.0 | 12,240.0 | 12,500.0 | 12,130.0 | 13,070.0 | 12,390.0 | 11,210.0 | 9,040.0 | 10,070.0 | 11,890.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 224,188,332,568.2 | 416,594,563,309.6 | 830,424,664,582.5 | 821,243,666,294.3 | 848,959,683,417.3 | 863,207,236,895.5 | 1,009,263,951,777.7 | 1,051,149,861,699.3 | 1,016,089,122,555.9 | 984,724,060,445.3 | 1,167,816,126,453.3 | 1,328,638,499,395.1 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 6,840.0 | 11,190.0 | 19,500.0 | 19,090.0 | 19,530.0 | 19,660.0 | 22,790.0 | 23,540.0 | 22,590.0 | 21,790.0 | 25,770.0 | 29,260.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 3.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | .. | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 5.4 | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 71.6 | 73.9 | 75.8 | 76.3 | 76.6 | 76.1 | 76.5 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 75.9 | 73.9 | 75.8 | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 70.3 | 65.8 | 66.1 | 66.6 | 63.9 | 58.8 | 55.0 | 49.9 | 41.8 | 31.5 | 28.5 | 25.8 | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 72.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 70.1 | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 96.9 | 99.1 | 97.0 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 98.4 | 93.9 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 98.8 | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 28.8 | 19.4 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.8 | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 93.0 | 91.0 | 94.0 | 95.0 | 89.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 94.0 | 86.0 | 77.0 | 86.0 | 85.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 98.7 | 103.3 | 105.4 | 106.0 | 106.5 | 101.5 | 100.1 | 100.3 | 99.8 | 102.9 | 100.3 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 107.3 | 116.6 | 114.4 | 113.9 | 112.9 | 111.7 | 109.9 | 109.3 | 109.3 | 108.5 | 108.1 | 106.8 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 73.0 | 96.2 | 104.5 | 106.0 | 107.5 | 109.6 | 110.4 | 109.7 | 110.5 | 112.4 | 115.7 | 114.1 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 352,040.0 | 333,780.0 | 295,438.0 | 293,204.0 | 290,970.0 | 290,100.0 | 288,990.0 | 287,910.0 | 286,810.0 | 285,730.0 | 284,640.0 | 283,550.0 | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 5.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.6 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 9.7 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 1,351.5 | 1,643.3 | 1,928.5 | 1,911.6 | 1,919.8 | 1,889.9 | 1,874.8 | 1,806.8 | 1,777.4 | 1,623.9 | 1,741.5 | 1,808.8 | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,306.1 | 2,091.8 | 2,940.9 | 3,036.2 | 3,140.5 | 3,105.0 | 3,005.8 | 2,971.3 | 2,876.7 | 2,827.4 | 2,942.9 | 2,833.1 | |
| GDP (current US$) | 141,352,654,305.2 | 284,203,750,000.0 | 552,025,140,252.2 | 526,319,673,731.6 | 594,749,285,413.2 | 557,532,320,663.0 | 643,628,393,281.4 | 524,819,892,360.2 | 447,754,683,615.2 | 385,740,508,437.0 | 486,564,085,480.0 | 633,993,756,301.1 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | -2.5 | -0.8 | 2.4 | -2.5 | 2.7 | -2.1 | 2.8 | -2.6 | -2.0 | -9.9 | 10.4 | 6.0 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 2,078.3 | 1.0 | 23.9 | 40.3 | 26.6 | 41.1 | 26.0 | 42.0 | 49.2 | 40.1 | 53.8 | 69.0 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 8.1 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.5 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 36.0 | 26.0 | 24.0 | 24.3 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 21.8 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 24.1 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 10.4 | 11.0 | 14.6 | 14.4 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 11.3 | 14.4 | 17.9 | 16.6 | 18.1 | 16.3 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 4.6 | 11.6 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 11.8 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 14.7 | 13.6 | 15.0 | 15.3 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 14.0 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 18.2 | 16.6 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 18.1 | 17.4 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 10.4 | 14.2 | 21.6 | 22.3 | 22.1 | 21.3 | 19.3 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 17.9 | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | 32.4 | 34.5 | 33.2 | 34.4 | 40.4 | 37.9 | 38.9 | .. | 37.8 | 45.8 | 40.7 | 41.5 | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 4.8 | 9.6 | 12.5 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 11.1 | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 17.4 | 158.2 | 142.3 | 142.2 | 145.1 | 139.8 | 131.2 | 125.3 | 121.2 | 130.4 | 131.5 | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 7.5 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 4.8 | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 11.6 | 18.1 | 27.2 | 25.5 | 19.7 | 20.4 | 19.5 | 24.2 | 25.5 | 25.2 | 29.0 | 26.9 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 43.4 | 68.3 | 106.9 | 104.7 | 100.0 | 106.1 | 103.0 | 104.2 | 103.4 | 104.0 | 113.9 | 114.2 | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 62,477,601,311.9 | 150,062,928,187.3 | 150,224,280,402.1 | 153,793,074,987.6 | 177,183,976,465.6 | 181,637,286,190.7 | 225,923,967,186.1 | 277,825,747,406.2 | 280,683,596,388.0 | 255,603,072,878.8 | 246,114,307,414.0 | 248,976,650,822.0 | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 37.1 | 64.3 | 17.1 | 20.2 | 24.7 | 34.9 | 51.7 | 51.5 | 50.8 | 43.1 | 30.6 | 31.7 | |
| Net migration | 15,719.0 | -22,775.0 | 5,275.0 | 5,794.0 | 5,464.0 | 5,215.0 | 4,931.0 | 5,742.0 | 5,397.0 | 292.0 | 314.0 | 5,589.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 22,840,000.2 | 86,343,658.6 | 535,004,409.4 | 505,346,891.7 | 494,433,532.1 | 391,579,047.7 | 479,937,459.8 | 522,441,503.0 | 561,398,444.7 | 648,090,050.0 | 902,789,422.0 | 1,056,459,895.7 | |
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