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| Population, total | 7,130,142.0 | 8,606,326.0 | 10,848,888.0 | 11,014,705.0 | 11,180,020.0 | 11,344,587.0 | 11,508,368.0 | 11,671,386.0 | 11,816,299.0 | 11,937,360.0 | 12,077,154.0 | 12,244,159.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | 1,098,580.0 | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 6.6 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.3 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 43.0 | 42.2 | 39.9 | 37.2 | 39.0 | 36.4 | 37.7 | 36.5 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | 5.8 | 28.3 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 4,935,697,079.1 | 8,287,220,575.3 | 30,352,501,114.9 | 32,208,419,842.9 | 33,490,607,690.1 | 36,911,468,703.1 | 42,953,899,482.8 | 48,726,003,453.5 | 42,787,978,417.9 | 47,582,214,720.9 | 50,617,292,052.4 | 51,790,154,398.2 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 690.0 | 960.0 | 2,800.0 | 2,920.0 | 3,000.0 | 3,250.0 | 3,730.0 | 4,170.0 | 3,620.0 | 3,990.0 | 4,190.0 | 4,230.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 19,108,836,651.6 | 34,621,801,151.4 | 89,680,150,139.0 | 93,768,678,157.2 | 101,782,354,815.7 | 115,358,870,242.8 | 121,316,620,337.9 | 126,259,067,701.5 | 112,096,409,230.7 | 130,853,195,352.8 | 144,944,483,166.2 | 154,074,291,246.8 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,680.0 | 4,020.0 | 8,270.0 | 8,510.0 | 9,100.0 | 10,170.0 | 10,540.0 | 10,820.0 | 9,490.0 | 10,960.0 | 12,000.0 | 12,580.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 5.6 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 56.8 | 62.1 | 67.0 | 67.2 | 67.4 | 67.5 | 67.7 | 67.8 | 62.9 | 61.4 | 67.4 | 68.6 | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.9 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 97.5 | 94.3 | 74.0 | 72.7 | 71.5 | 70.5 | 69.5 | 68.5 | 67.5 | 66.6 | 65.8 | 64.8 | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 53.4 | .. | .. | 66.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 67.3 | 83.9 | 88.8 | 89.8 | 99.5 | 71.5 | 81.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 121.7 | 75.7 | 33.5 | 31.8 | 30.3 | 29.0 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 24.8 | 23.9 | 23.1 | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 9.7 | .. | .. | .. | 3.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 53.0 | 84.0 | 89.0 | 95.0 | 94.0 | 83.0 | 89.0 | 79.0 | 74.0 | 75.0 | 69.0 | 68.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | 91.7 | 89.5 | 90.1 | 91.4 | 94.2 | 90.8 | 92.1 | .. | 96.5 | 96.2 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | .. | 119.1 | 95.5 | 95.1 | 95.5 | 96.4 | 97.1 | 97.7 | 98.2 | 98.5 | 99.2 | 98.6 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | 72.8 | 89.5 | 90.6 | 90.6 | 89.4 | 88.7 | 88.8 | 88.9 | 90.4 | 90.4 | 91.4 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 578,047.2 | 551,013.9 | 522,389.8 | 520,272.2 | 517,506.8 | 514,922.2 | 512,532.4 | 510,337.6 | 508,337.6 | 506,207.7 | 504,164.4 | 502,063.4 | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 25.3 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.9 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 360.7 | 424.5 | 757.5 | 748.9 | 779.0 | 800.9 | 803.1 | 795.5 | 657.7 | 757.9 | 798.3 | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 256.2 | 400.9 | 695.3 | 746.1 | 760.9 | 772.4 | 791.2 | 802.3 | 769.8 | 833.6 | 859.3 | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 4,867,582,597.5 | 8,397,855,484.8 | 32,996,188,017.4 | 33,000,198,248.9 | 33,941,126,193.9 | 45,927,439,594.8 | 48,414,038,842.3 | 49,056,643,589.0 | 42,313,784,081.0 | 47,877,892,402.3 | 50,959,081,953.7 | 52,340,206,946.5 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 4.6 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 1.5 | -12.7 | 10.0 | 3.7 | 2.5 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 16.3 | 5.2 | 2.0 | -4.6 | -1.4 | 29.9 | 2.5 | -0.2 | -1.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 0.2 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 15.4 | 13.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 9.3 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 31.9 | 25.7 | 27.6 | 25.2 | 25.3 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 30.5 | 27.3 | 30.8 | 32.0 | 29.8 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 22.8 | 18.3 | 43.3 | 30.9 | 24.5 | 19.5 | 20.4 | 20.0 | 16.9 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 22.4 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 23.9 | 27.3 | 42.0 | 37.1 | 31.9 | 26.0 | 26.6 | 25.8 | 20.6 | 24.1 | 29.7 | 27.2 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 12.5 | 18.1 | 21.0 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 24.4 | 24.0 | 22.7 | 17.3 | 17.8 | 18.0 | 19.0 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 13.7 | 17.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 55.2 | 67.1 | 76.3 | 64.1 | 71.0 | 77.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 7.2 | 12.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 6.8 | 96.3 | 92.3 | 90.4 | 96.6 | 99.5 | 100.1 | 99.9 | 100.8 | 101.6 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 8.1 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 8.2 | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 33.1 | 36.4 | 69.2 | 56.0 | 45.7 | 37.3 | 39.2 | 37.8 | 33.3 | 42.1 | 50.7 | 42.8 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 93.4 | 91.6 | 133.6 | 100.0 | 84.5 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 90.9 | 78.0 | 85.7 | 80.9 | 80.4 | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 4,369,976,028.0 | 5,892,765,188.4 | 8,884,014,490.4 | 9,895,204,080.3 | 10,994,252,972.4 | 12,990,057,752.2 | 13,248,377,783.1 | 14,301,151,537.3 | 15,420,130,053.6 | 16,025,613,524.0 | 15,930,334,885.1 | 16,311,190,351.2 | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 39.4 | 39.8 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 15.6 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 14.2 | |
| Net migration | -21,917.0 | -26,940.0 | -10,971.0 | -10,525.0 | -10,071.0 | -9,669.0 | -9,344.0 | -8,981.0 | -4,663.0 | -4,663.0 | -3,008.0 | -3,008.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 4,599,999.9 | 126,870,000.0 | 1,176,966,248.4 | 1,190,958,194.0 | 1,246,634,759.4 | 1,407,996,988.9 | 1,388,281,653.9 | 1,335,620,196.9 | 1,126,517,920.4 | 1,417,462,508.8 | 1,459,221,074.9 | 1,449,389,659.9 | |
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