| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Agricultural land (% of land area) | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | |
| Arable land (% of land area) | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | |
| Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) | 11,529.0 | 10,844.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10,095.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) | 1.2 | 1.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km) | 3,386.7 | 4,071.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4,819.9 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) | 0.3 | 0.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area) | 1.5 | 1.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 438.1 | 592.1 | 650.0 | 656.4 | 622.0 | 587.5 | 553.1 | 518.6 | 484.2 | 449.8 | 449.8 | 449.8 | |
| Forest area (% of land area) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | |
| Land area (sq. km) | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | 995,450.0 | |
| Rural land area (sq. km) | 976,866.4 | 974,101.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 971,206.2 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban land area (sq. km) | 13,257.8 | 16,023.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 18,918.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | 1,001,450.0 | |
| Energy intensity level of primary energy (MJ/$2021 PPP GDP) | .. | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | |
| Access to electricity (% of population) | .. | 97.7 | 98.9 | 99.4 | 99.4 | 99.7 | 99.9 | 99.8 | 99.3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
| Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total) | 76.1 | 82.3 | 89.9 | 90.8 | 90.6 | 91.2 | 91.2 | 91.1 | 91.5 | 91.7 | 92.0 | 91.1 | |
| Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output) | 23.9 | 18.0 | 11.5 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.0 | |
| Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (kWh) | 0.0 | 407,740,000.0 | 3,091,270,000.0 | 1,327,830,000.0 | 2,180,320,000.0 | 2,204,150,000.0 | 1,382,490,000.0 | 1,335,100,000.0 | 2,095,490,000.0 | 3,270,630,000.0 | 3,246,640,000.0 | 2,820,960,000.0 | |
| Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroelectric (% of total) | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | |
| Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) | 9.0 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.0 | |
| PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter) | 57.4 | 60.0 | 75.1 | 76.5 | 62.0 | 61.7 | 70.1 | 66.1 | 67.6 | 61.5 | 58.9 | 65.5 | |
| PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total) | 100.0 | 100.0 | .. | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | .. | |
| Bird species, threatened | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.0 | |
| Disaster risk reduction progress score (1-5 scale; 5=best) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009) | .. | .. | 0.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Fish species, threatened | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 58.0 | |
| Plant species (higher), threatened | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8.0 | |
| Mammal species, threatened | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 18.0 | |
| Rural population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) | 3.7 | 3.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.6 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) | 11.9 | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population) | 15.6 | 16.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.3 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Population living in slums (% of urban population) | .. | 42.2 | .. | 14.7 | .. | 9.2 | .. | 3.7 | .. | 0.9 | .. | 0.9 | |
| Aquaculture production (metric tons) | 61,916.0 | 340,093.0 | 705,490.0 | 919,585.0 | 986,820.0 | 1,017,738.0 | 1,097,544.0 | 1,137,091.0 | 1,174,831.0 | 1,370,660.0 | 1,406,864.5 | 1,594,231.0 | |
| Capture fisheries production (metric tons) | 251,036.0 | 384,315.0 | 387,399.0 | 385,210.0 | 375,355.0 | 354,237.7 | 356,858.1 | 344,792.1 | 344,113.0 | 335,614.3 | 370,959.7 | 373,286.0 | |
| Total fisheries production (metric tons) | 312,952.0 | 724,408.0 | 1,092,889.0 | 1,304,795.0 | 1,362,175.0 | 1,371,975.7 | 1,454,402.1 | 1,481,883.1 | 1,518,944.0 | 1,706,274.3 | 1,777,824.2 | 1,967,517.0 | |
| Water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawal) | 2.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 4.9 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal) | .. | 86.4 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 85.0 | 85.1 | 85.1 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 84.3 | 79.2 | 79.2 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, domestic (% of total freshwater withdrawal) | .. | 7.8 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 13.9 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal) | .. | 5.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 7.0 | 7.0 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters) | 53.9 | 57.0 | 72.1 | 73.8 | 71.7 | 72.3 | 73.0 | 60.7 | 60.9 | 60.7 | 77.5 | 77.5 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 5,392.5 | 5,703.0 | 7,212.3 | 7,380.0 | 7,165.0 | 7,230.0 | 7,300.0 | 6,070.0 | 6,090.0 | 6,065.0 | 7,750.0 | 7,750.0 | |
| Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters) | 17.1 | 13.7 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 9.5 | |
| Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 13.1 | |
| Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.6 | |
| People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, rural (% of rural population) | .. | 52.9 | 68.4 | 70.1 | 71.9 | 73.6 | 75.3 | 77.0 | 78.7 | 80.5 | 82.2 | 83.9 | |
| People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, urban (% of urban population) | .. | 87.3 | 88.2 | 88.3 | 88.4 | 88.5 | 88.6 | 88.7 | 88.8 | 89.0 | 89.1 | 89.2 | |
| People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water (% of population) | .. | 67.6 | 76.9 | 78.0 | 79.0 | 80.0 | 81.0 | 82.0 | 83.1 | 84.1 | 85.1 | 86.1 | |
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