Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2021
World view
Population, total (millions)
5,298.96
6,161.53
7,000.86
7,919.57
Population growth (annual %)
1.7
1.4
1.2
0.8
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
139,734.3
139,766.1
140,001.3
140,583.0
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
50.8
48.4
54.9
61.0
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
..
..
..
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population)
43.4
36.2
21.0
11.3
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
22,609.55
33,960.76
65,900.98
96,724.33
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
4,267
5,512
9,413
12,213
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
29,485.10
49,370.41
90,096.73
156,303.22
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
5,564
8,013
12,869
19,736
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
..
..
..
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
65
68
71
71
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.3
2.7
2.6
2.2
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
75
66
52
40
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
..
60
56
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
..
62
69
83
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
94
77
51
40
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
..
20.9
16.4
12.7
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
73
72
84
82
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
83
82
89
89
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
96.4
99.1
102.5
99.4
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
53
59
71
77
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.7
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
41,527.9
41,169.4
40,700.9
40,449.4
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
..
..
11.1
14.7
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
..
..
..
9.0
Urban population growth (annual %)
2.1
2.5
2.0
1.5
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,626
1,591
1,798
1,853
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
2,093
2,332
2,888
3,433
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
22,991.90
33,965.81
66,893.68
98,780.04
GDP growth (annual %)
2.7
4.6
4.5
6.5
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
7.9
5.2
4.2
4.6
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
5
3
4
4
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
32
28
28
27
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
23
28
28
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
19
23
28
28
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
27
25
25
27
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
22.4
25.7
22.4
24.0
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-0.1
-5.4
-7.0
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
..
..
..
..
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
14.2
16.1
13.3
14.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
3.3
2.2
2.5
2.2
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.2
8.1
76.6
106.7
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
..
..
28.4
63.8
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
..
..
21
22
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
30
39
46
46
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
..
..
100
101
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
..
..
..
..
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
..
..
..
..
Net migration (thousands)
0
0
0
0
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
68,441
121,770
414,158
713,499
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
239,421
1,569,450
1,843,471
2,520,354
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
63,320.1
50,008.0
121,420.0
204,922.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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