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| Population, total | 20,464,956.0 | 24,787,054.0 | 31,284,568.0 | 31,819,178.0 | 32,373,490.0 | 32,964,701.0 | 33,586,372.0 | 34,243,696.0 | 34,938,955.0 | 35,652,307.0 | 36,361,859.0 | .. | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .. | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 447,400.0 | 444,103.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,924.0 | 448,920.0 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | .. | 56.9 | 71.0 | 72.2 | 73.5 | 74.8 | 76.2 | 77.7 | 79.3 | 80.9 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 17.0 | 14.1 | 11.0 | 8.9 | 5.8 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 93.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 12,898,746,566.6 | 15,434,001,190.1 | 88,829,120,450.3 | 83,669,101,103.2 | 75,631,437,214.9 | 70,781,687,308.7 | 67,106,860,770.2 | 76,914,592,711.9 | 87,231,955,128.4 | 98,081,237,944.0 | 109,649,235,867.0 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 630.0 | 620.0 | 2,840.0 | 2,630.0 | 2,340.0 | 2,150.0 | 2,000.0 | 2,250.0 | 2,500.0 | 2,750.0 | 3,020.0 | .. | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 54,532,249,435.1 | 64,565,052,628.4 | 218,609,964,317.9 | 253,091,365,991.9 | 269,915,112,514.3 | 284,734,443,413.5 | 284,546,668,240.3 | 318,136,740,469.5 | 363,656,157,343.5 | 399,817,525,994.4 | 436,189,705,029.4 | .. | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,660.0 | 2,600.0 | 6,990.0 | 7,950.0 | 8,340.0 | 8,640.0 | 8,470.0 | 9,290.0 | 10,410.0 | 11,210.0 | 12,000.0 | .. | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 7.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.0 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 7.0 | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 65.8 | 65.5 | 71.6 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 72.1 | 71.5 | 71.7 | 72.1 | 72.4 | 72.5 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 44.5 | 21.6 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 22.0 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 31.1 | 34.4 | 34.1 | 34.1 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 67.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 58.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 94.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | .. | 99.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 69.8 | 60.7 | 18.4 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 13.7 | 13.4 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | 2.9 | .. | .. | .. | 1.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | .. | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 96.0 | 98.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | 99.0 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 99.0 | 97.4 | 98.3 | 97.1 | 96.7 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.2 | 96.1 | 97.7 | 83.6 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 112.6 | 99.2 | 97.7 | 98.0 | 98.3 | 98.3 | 98.6 | 97.9 | 93.9 | 93.5 | 94.4 | 120.9 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 101.3 | 85.3 | 92.8 | 93.9 | 94.9 | 96.2 | 90.1 | 97.3 | 97.4 | 97.4 | 96.8 | 98.1 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | .. | 29,614.6 | 35,863.0 | 36,121.4 | 36,379.8 | 36,638.2 | 36,896.6 | 37,155.0 | 37,413.4 | 37,671.8 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 14.1 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 326.7 | 333.9 | 360.5 | 342.3 | 324.0 | 306.0 | 260.1 | 262.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .. | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 2,315.8 | 1,871.1 | 1,211.9 | 1,256.0 | 1,276.1 | 1,289.1 | 1,351.1 | 1,465.2 | 1,381.8 | 1,394.1 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 2,388.5 | 1,767.4 | 1,538.1 | 1,582.4 | 1,781.6 | 1,824.4 | 1,758.0 | 2,118.9 | 2,094.1 | 2,059.2 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 13,362,340,337.9 | 13,760,513,969.3 | 86,138,288,644.2 | 69,703,222,282.7 | 58,695,899,092.1 | 67,293,639,798.4 | 66,443,265,418.3 | 77,340,060,003.0 | 90,095,926,567.4 | 102,641,879,248.8 | 114,965,293,466.6 | .. | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 1.6 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 1.6 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | .. | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 4.0 | 47.3 | 8.9 | 33.7 | 25.9 | 17.6 | 10.6 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 13.8 | 13.4 | .. | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 33.1 | 30.1 | 29.3 | 25.5 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 22.5 | 22.2 | 21.0 | 20.2 | 18.3 | .. | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 33.3 | 20.2 | 22.9 | 24.7 | 28.6 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 32.4 | 31.5 | 31.0 | 31.8 | .. | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 24.7 | 12.3 | 18.5 | 24.2 | 25.4 | 21.9 | 21.3 | 23.3 | 24.4 | 22.8 | .. | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 19.4 | 16.9 | 24.1 | 40.0 | 39.6 | 34.1 | 36.2 | 39.6 | 41.7 | 38.0 | .. | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | .. | 19.6 | 25.8 | 27.2 | 35.0 | 39.2 | 37.6 | 37.7 | 34.9 | 34.6 | 33.3 | .. | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 19.7 | 15.6 | 19.2 | 18.1 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 21.1 | 20.3 | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.6 | 10.5 | 14.9 | 18.2 | 23.8 | 25.5 | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 13.4 | 10.4 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 11.5 | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | .. | 0.9 | .. | .. | 2.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 74.4 | 76.3 | 71.7 | 101.3 | 99.4 | 102.4 | 105.5 | 106.9 | 110.5 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | .. | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 1.7 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | .. | 40.1 | 23.6 | 31.7 | 48.1 | 54.7 | 49.7 | 48.9 | 48.3 | 53.4 | 47.8 | .. | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 61.7 | 100.3 | 104.2 | 105.9 | 101.0 | 105.5 | 121.1 | 127.5 | 123.4 | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | 4,952,972,611.3 | 15,334,623,459.2 | 16,701,437,846.8 | 18,258,516,232.9 | 24,961,864,235.4 | 37,154,092,630.0 | 44,872,282,608.6 | 53,592,822,615.9 | 61,569,881,480.8 | 70,256,401,083.6 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | 10.9 | 12.8 | 6.0 | 13.6 | 20.0 | 26.0 | 29.9 | 32.6 | 36.0 | .. | |
| Net migration | -73,478.0 | -66,547.0 | -14,839.0 | -13,352.0 | -11,516.0 | -9,341.0 | -9,208.0 | -9,205.0 | -5,007.0 | -6,004.0 | -7,066.0 | -6,987.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | .. | .. | 5,795,061,401.3 | 7,130,151,739.5 | 7,609,613,691.9 | 8,546,153,773.2 | 7,083,725,806.4 | 9,276,845,181.1 | 15,512,123,643.7 | 14,168,883,803.2 | 16,579,258,955.3 | .. | |
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