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| Population, total | 5,982,833.0 | 8,512,093.0 | 14,647,621.0 | 15,114,655.0 | 15,622,759.0 | 16,156,531.0 | 16,685,223.0 | 17,224,679.0 | 17,828,273.0 | 18,455,316.0 | 19,319,064.0 | 20,299,123.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 4.9 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | 1,284,000.0 | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 4.8 | 6.8 | 11.6 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.7 | 15.3 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 42.3 | .. | .. | .. | 44.8 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 41.9 | .. | .. | .. | 39.5 | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,591,272,337.6 | 1,507,015,822.6 | 16,524,071,199.7 | 14,237,045,466.8 | 12,948,681,736.7 | 14,325,338,367.1 | 15,376,057,432.5 | 15,298,016,562.3 | 15,856,324,882.5 | 18,514,223,622.8 | 19,394,927,462.4 | 19,684,619,240.4 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 270.0 | 180.0 | 1,130.0 | 940.0 | 830.0 | 890.0 | 920.0 | 890.0 | 890.0 | 1,000.0 | 1,000.0 | 970.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 5,714,599,921.9 | 8,762,389,198.7 | 34,030,983,161.8 | 31,586,636,734.0 | 32,441,938,945.6 | 35,608,249,160.5 | 38,779,941,429.4 | 37,265,113,376.6 | 42,965,201,563.8 | 51,964,617,951.3 | 56,064,129,392.8 | 59,508,941,818.8 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 960.0 | 1,030.0 | 2,320.0 | 2,090.0 | 2,080.0 | 2,200.0 | 2,320.0 | 2,160.0 | 2,410.0 | 2,820.0 | 2,900.0 | 2,930.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.1 | .. | .. | .. | 6.9 | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 45.1 | 47.9 | 51.3 | 51.6 | 51.9 | 52.4 | 53.0 | 53.1 | 53.1 | 54.5 | 55.1 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 7.2 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 199.3 | 193.5 | 162.1 | 155.8 | 149.6 | 145.2 | 143.3 | 140.7 | 137.9 | 136.7 | 134.7 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 7.9 | 5.7 | .. | .. | .. | 8.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 13.7 | 24.3 | .. | .. | .. | 47.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 211.6 | 183.6 | 129.3 | 125.7 | 122.0 | 118.3 | 114.6 | 111.0 | 107.6 | 104.3 | 101.1 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 29.2 | 25.0 | .. | 24.3 | 24.7 | 29.2 | 18.9 | 21.4 | 18.2 | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 32.0 | 28.0 | 46.0 | 37.0 | 37.0 | 41.0 | 40.0 | 45.0 | 53.0 | 54.0 | 63.0 | 66.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 16.1 | 21.8 | 37.4 | 40.4 | 36.4 | 38.8 | .. | .. | 41.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 50.2 | 61.5 | 87.9 | 82.6 | 74.2 | 84.3 | 83.3 | .. | 86.1 | 87.0 | 88.3 | 88.5 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 6.1 | 11.0 | 22.2 | 22.5 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 20.2 | .. | 23.2 | .. | 24.2 | 23.5 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | .. | 0.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 67,300.0 | 63,530.0 | 48,900.0 | 47,690.0 | 46,510.0 | 45,350.0 | 44,220.0 | 43,130.0 | 42,013.3 | 40,914.4 | 39,803.7 | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 18.6 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 2.1 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 296.9 | 241.7 | 217.0 | 212.8 | 204.3 | 200.5 | 190.4 | 193.0 | 195.9 | 198.5 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 12.4 | 7.0 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 13.3 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 13.9 | 16.5 | 14.5 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 1,738,605,557.8 | 1,388,506,771.6 | 14,559,599,499.5 | 13,026,289,835.8 | 13,349,041,408.7 | 15,327,000,248.9 | 14,905,517,742.8 | 14,932,897,821.2 | 16,871,937,697.6 | 17,828,508,289.6 | 19,107,685,020.9 | 20,625,711,664.6 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | -4.2 | -0.9 | 3.3 | -4.1 | -1.6 | 5.7 | 5.4 | -0.4 | 0.3 | 12.9 | 4.1 | 3.7 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 8.0 | 5.3 | -7.0 | -6.5 | 2.1 | 3.9 | -2.7 | -1.2 | 8.5 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 4.1 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 27.9 | 40.7 | 33.6 | 39.4 | 38.4 | 37.6 | 37.6 | 38.8 | 35.8 | 35.2 | 35.0 | 32.2 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 16.9 | 10.9 | 33.9 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 29.0 | 28.8 | 23.9 | 28.6 | 33.1 | 30.2 | 29.7 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 13.5 | 16.9 | 27.9 | 22.6 | 23.2 | 25.8 | 25.0 | 21.3 | 26.3 | 31.7 | 29.8 | 28.1 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27.9 | 34.7 | 20.6 | 21.4 | 20.1 | 20.9 | 21.7 | 19.4 | 17.7 | 16.3 | 17.1 | 17.2 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 6.8 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 21.9 | 24.3 | 22.8 | 19.9 | 18.0 | 18.4 | 17.8 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 37.3 | 37.0 | 40.8 | 43.2 | 45.9 | 50.4 | 58.0 | 65.4 | 70.2 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 27.2 | 36.0 | 42.1 | 35.0 | 33.5 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 22.7 | 25.8 | 34.4 | 35.0 | 33.5 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 93.1 | 83.3 | 100.0 | 88.0 | 100.0 | 115.8 | 112.7 | 96.2 | 138.7 | 158.6 | 144.0 | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 514,179,006.1 | 1,098,901,268.9 | 2,798,645,241.3 | 2,857,894,668.9 | 3,134,245,756.7 | 3,180,873,066.1 | 3,216,211,690.0 | 3,487,196,050.3 | 3,585,529,284.7 | 3,320,352,821.4 | 3,214,041,697.1 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 4.3 | .. | 2.4 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 3.4 | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.9 | .. | |
| Net migration | -58,884.0 | -3,845.0 | -48,918.0 | 21,540.0 | 16,916.0 | 46,661.0 | -29,451.0 | 36,605.0 | 74,509.0 | 36,670.0 | 496,830.0 | 204,040.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
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