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| Population, total | 4,196,828.0 | 4,423,611.0 | 7,037,655.0 | 7,205,328.0 | 7,379,299.0 | 7,554,563.0 | 7,731,991.0 | 7,912,558.0 | 8,094,602.0 | 8,276,807.0 | 8,460,512.0 | 8,642,022.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 58.1 | 61.3 | 97.5 | 99.8 | 102.2 | 104.7 | 107.1 | 109.6 | 112.1 | 114.7 | 117.2 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 56.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 41.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 802,289,623.2 | 659,075,115.3 | 6,693,772,707.1 | 6,734,339,474.1 | 6,216,958,213.6 | 6,260,259,599.2 | 6,541,998,153.5 | 6,654,341,265.2 | 7,172,392,828.3 | 7,632,219,241.7 | 7,340,407,625.4 | 7,256,029,067.6 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 190.0 | 150.0 | 950.0 | 930.0 | 840.0 | 830.0 | 850.0 | 840.0 | 890.0 | 920.0 | 870.0 | 840.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 5,401,715,366.1 | 5,385,223,938.6 | 17,717,851,725.4 | 18,686,236,340.6 | 18,139,005,919.0 | 19,732,906,598.6 | 20,692,577,100.8 | 21,447,075,805.2 | 22,859,759,992.2 | 25,800,588,518.6 | 28,283,239,834.1 | 30,127,902,260.9 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,290.0 | 1,220.0 | 2,520.0 | 2,590.0 | 2,460.0 | 2,610.0 | 2,680.0 | 2,710.0 | 2,820.0 | 3,120.0 | 3,340.0 | 3,490.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 43.7 | 44.8 | 55.5 | 56.9 | 57.8 | 59.1 | 59.6 | 59.7 | 60.3 | 61.3 | 61.8 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.6 | 6.4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 160.2 | 160.0 | 116.3 | 111.2 | 107.0 | 104.1 | 102.2 | 100.2 | 98.1 | 95.7 | 93.6 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 4.3 | .. | .. | 22.5 | .. | 21.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 37.1 | .. | .. | 81.6 | .. | 86.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 259.3 | 223.7 | 137.6 | 122.7 | 117.9 | 113.4 | 109.1 | 105.1 | 101.4 | 97.7 | 94.3 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 25.4 | 23.4 | .. | .. | 15.6 | .. | 13.5 | .. | 12.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | .. | 37.0 | 78.0 | 85.0 | 80.0 | 87.0 | 93.0 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | 61.3 | 71.2 | 71.7 | 83.0 | 84.7 | 88.4 | 99.0 | 103.1 | 100.4 | 99.2 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 51.1 | 63.3 | 120.7 | 123.0 | 126.9 | 114.6 | 145.6 | 142.8 | 157.7 | 163.2 | 159.4 | 162.1 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 16.6 | .. | 39.8 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 43.1 | 61.2 | 62.6 | 73.4 | .. | 86.9 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.7 | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 31,267.0 | 29,294.3 | 26,335.3 | 26,138.0 | 25,940.7 | 25,743.4 | 25,546.1 | 25,348.8 | 25,151.5 | 24,954.2 | 24,756.9 | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.1 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.7 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 649,644,097.6 | 635,866,403.8 | 6,788,352,974.8 | 6,084,297,211.1 | 5,749,846,528.5 | 6,390,514,688.5 | 6,526,183,564.2 | 6,693,888,876.3 | 7,173,379,137.3 | 7,124,465,159.7 | 6,411,787,856.1 | 7,547,843,281.3 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 3.3 | 6.7 | -4.4 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 5.5 | -1.3 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 4.0 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 70.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 7.5 | 26.9 | 29.1 | 20.0 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 44.0 | 55.0 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 33.3 | 35.0 | 34.6 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 29.1 | 25.4 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 18.0 | 26.8 | 16.6 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.7 | 26.0 | 27.3 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 34.7 | 18.1 | 10.5 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 21.5 | 20.9 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 34.0 | 39.4 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 27.7 | 26.1 | 27.9 | 20.7 | 26.6 | 28.3 | 34.3 | 43.5 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 13.0 | 1.1 | 18.1 | 17.7 | 19.1 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 19.7 | 29.5 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 80.4 | 87.1 | 89.8 | 84.1 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 101.6 | 107.9 | .. | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 44.2 | 25.5 | 30.1 | 27.8 | 32.5 | 29.9 | 32.7 | 38.4 | 34.9 | 42.5 | 50.7 | 43.4 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 223.1 | 100.0 | 107.4 | 111.0 | 110.5 | 106.7 | 102.8 | 114.5 | 111.1 | 103.6 | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 1,196,563,740.7 | 1,248,363,708.6 | 1,558,269,901.7 | 1,624,682,511.1 | 1,794,517,242.0 | 1,833,542,130.1 | 1,930,060,483.2 | 2,195,392,001.4 | 2,531,761,915.1 | 2,400,367,946.5 | 2,381,922,454.2 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 10.1 | 76.4 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 11.9 | .. | |
| Net migration | 131,587.0 | 83,013.0 | -356.0 | 4,657.0 | 1,234.0 | -2,741.0 | -2,238.0 | 1,292.0 | -1,544.0 | -4,000.0 | -4,000.0 | -11,000.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 27,072.4 | 7,134,994.3 | 48,163,694.6 | 58,233,774.6 | 63,556,909.6 | 73,220,118.5 | 177,493,122.2 | 177,032,813.7 | 183,788,290.3 | 291,169,756.7 | 293,001,735.7 | 321,604,651.6 | |
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