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Population, total | 11,430,520.0 | 15,091,594.0 | 22,299,585.0 | 23,012,646.0 | 23,711,630.0 | 24,393,181.0 | 25,076,747.0 | 25,782,341.0 | 26,491,087.0 | 27,198,628.0 | 27,914,536.0 | 28,647,293.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | 475,440.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 24.2 | 31.9 | 47.2 | 48.7 | 50.2 | 51.6 | 53.0 | 54.5 | 56.0 | 57.5 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 37.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | 25.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23.0 | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 11,383,818,350.7 | 10,876,798,935.5 | 34,565,250,095.0 | 34,926,201,164.4 | 34,412,094,663.4 | 34,106,364,840.4 | 37,685,520,423.6 | 39,762,247,066.7 | 40,320,016,761.8 | 43,306,397,153.9 | 45,419,248,749.4 | 47,320,053,031.3 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,000.0 | 720.0 | 1,550.0 | 1,520.0 | 1,450.0 | 1,400.0 | 1,500.0 | 1,540.0 | 1,520.0 | 1,590.0 | 1,630.0 | 1,650.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 22,151,684,651.3 | 29,672,863,374.2 | 74,076,522,624.0 | 78,538,750,618.7 | 83,664,911,616.4 | 89,235,394,974.9 | 97,651,753,918.4 | 105,876,092,301.0 | 112,063,496,623.2 | 126,874,913,311.5 | 139,369,781,532.6 | 150,937,638,092.8 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,940.0 | 1,970.0 | 3,320.0 | 3,410.0 | 3,530.0 | 3,660.0 | 3,890.0 | 4,110.0 | 4,230.0 | 4,660.0 | 4,990.0 | 5,270.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | 4.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.4 | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 54.9 | 52.9 | 58.9 | 59.7 | 60.2 | 60.8 | 61.2 | 61.6 | 60.8 | 60.3 | 61.0 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.4 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 168.5 | 142.6 | 119.0 | 118.8 | 118.6 | 118.2 | 116.2 | 114.5 | 111.5 | 110.4 | 108.6 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 25.2 | 34.3 | .. | .. | .. | 19.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 56.0 | 64.7 | .. | .. | .. | 69.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 136.7 | 144.6 | 93.4 | 89.3 | 85.9 | 82.7 | 79.8 | 77.3 | 74.9 | 72.2 | 69.8 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | 14.8 | .. | .. | .. | 11.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 56.0 | 49.0 | 78.0 | 74.0 | 71.0 | 65.0 | 59.0 | 60.0 | 62.0 | 62.0 | 65.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 56.7 | 50.4 | 73.7 | 74.5 | 73.4 | 68.2 | 64.4 | 65.4 | 66.5 | 68.7 | 69.4 | 71.1 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 99.9 | 86.6 | 114.0 | 116.6 | 116.1 | 110.1 | 103.2 | 105.5 | 107.3 | 108.4 | 110.7 | 112.6 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 25.9 | 28.0 | 58.2 | 59.6 | 60.5 | 50.6 | 46.5 | 44.4 | 45.3 | 45.0 | 45.1 | 44.4 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | .. | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.8 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.6 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 225,000.0 | 215,974.9 | 206,764.8 | 206,204.8 | 205,644.8 | 205,084.8 | 204,524.8 | 203,964.8 | 203,404.8 | 202,844.8 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 435.8 | 418.1 | 340.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 205.2 | 180.2 | 279.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 12,314,482,627.8 | 10,566,579,294.5 | 36,386,544,715.3 | 32,210,233,021.4 | 33,814,337,040.8 | 36,098,547,058.8 | 39,955,552,189.8 | 39,667,757,527.7 | 40,773,241,177.1 | 44,993,521,774.1 | 43,644,068,310.9 | 47,945,510,090.1 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | -6.1 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 2.7 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 24.0 | 18.1 | 16.8 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.8 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 16.7 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 28.8 | 28.5 | 25.7 | 25.1 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 26.3 | 25.2 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 20.2 | 24.9 | 23.6 | 21.0 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 19.3 | 18.3 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 17.3 | 23.1 | 27.2 | 24.6 | 21.7 | 20.8 | 21.9 | 23.5 | 18.5 | 20.2 | 22.0 | 20.3 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 17.8 | 17.2 | 19.7 | 18.2 | 19.8 | 19.4 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 17.8 | 17.4 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 14.3 | .. | 16.3 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 13.1 | 13.7 | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 9.8 | .. | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 11.3 | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.7 | 76.4 | 78.9 | 78.9 | 82.5 | 73.6 | 83.0 | 84.4 | 80.0 | 82.8 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 6.8 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 2.2 | .. | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 27.6 | 31.4 | 34.9 | 31.4 | 25.2 | 22.2 | 23.7 | 26.9 | 21.2 | 25.1 | 30.8 | 27.9 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 59.9 | 73.7 | 113.5 | 100.0 | 97.1 | 100.8 | 107.6 | 102.6 | 91.1 | 133.0 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 6,562,505,108.0 | 10,561,281,361.4 | 5,765,541,169.1 | 7,304,904,667.0 | 7,890,233,642.2 | 10,048,676,392.2 | 11,003,804,939.8 | 12,924,439,475.8 | 14,720,283,846.3 | 15,373,626,442.9 | 15,095,520,460.9 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 20.5 | 20.7 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 13.4 | 10.7 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 20.8 | 25.6 | 20.5 | .. | |
Net migration | -8,163.0 | -21,221.0 | 96,607.0 | 42,007.0 | 13,251.0 | -37,910.0 | -9,185.0 | -12,254.0 | -9,889.0 | -9,889.0 | -4,800.0 | -4,800.0 | |
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