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| Population, total | 11,626,360.0 | 16,194,869.0 | 29,183,070.0 | 30,234,839.0 | 31,297,155.0 | 32,375,632.0 | 33,451,132.0 | 34,532,429.0 | 35,635,029.0 | 36,749,906.0 | 37,885,849.0 | 39,040,039.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | 1,246,700.0 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 9.3 | 13.0 | 23.4 | 24.3 | 25.1 | 26.0 | 26.8 | 27.7 | 28.6 | 29.5 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 32.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 27.0 | .. | .. | 39.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 9,209,298,635.1 | 5,902,874,417.8 | 86,358,772,542.3 | 73,747,101,274.3 | 71,978,882,619.9 | 79,527,325,010.9 | 67,034,398,071.5 | 67,673,874,284.3 | 81,461,764,483.9 | 97,210,282,964.8 | 107,949,300,284.8 | 111,626,608,228.7 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 790.0 | 360.0 | 2,960.0 | 2,440.0 | 2,300.0 | 2,460.0 | 2,000.0 | 1,960.0 | 2,290.0 | 2,650.0 | 2,850.0 | 2,860.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 39,749,889,978.0 | 51,820,795,908.1 | 219,620,329,477.3 | 232,685,505,666.7 | 244,199,505,447.3 | 257,095,759,123.6 | 240,939,477,746.9 | 280,150,352,817.3 | 313,150,204,639.6 | 324,267,987,235.1 | 353,347,667,613.7 | 384,088,661,954.0 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 3,420.0 | 3,200.0 | 7,530.0 | 7,700.0 | 7,800.0 | 7,940.0 | 7,200.0 | 8,110.0 | 8,790.0 | 8,820.0 | 9,330.0 | 9,840.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 3.2 | .. | .. | 3.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 41.9 | 46.5 | 61.6 | 62.1 | 62.6 | 63.1 | 63.1 | 63.0 | 64.2 | 64.6 | 64.8 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 7.3 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 145.4 | 147.7 | 148.9 | 147.4 | 146.3 | 145.1 | 144.3 | 143.4 | 142.0 | 140.8 | 139.4 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 13.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | .. | 49.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 212.7 | 185.0 | 59.6 | 57.9 | 56.5 | 55.3 | 54.2 | 53.2 | 51.9 | 50.5 | 49.0 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 38.0 | 41.0 | 49.0 | 47.0 | 56.0 | 59.0 | 54.0 | 48.0 | 50.0 | 63.0 | 53.0 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 60.0 | .. | 47.9 | .. | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 81.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 89.2 | .. | 86.7 | .. | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 9.6 | 13.4 | 54.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 53.1 | .. | 51.5 | .. | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 792,627.8 | 777,086.1 | 688,276.2 | 682,725.7 | 677,175.1 | 671,624.4 | 666,073.8 | 660,523.1 | 654,972.5 | 649,421.9 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 7.7 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 7.1 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 506.1 | 444.6 | 487.9 | 481.0 | 428.6 | 444.2 | 423.5 | 430.7 | 437.6 | 448.9 | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 54.2 | 76.2 | 331.7 | 315.2 | 370.7 | 411.3 | 439.1 | 394.7 | 373.0 | 379.1 | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 11,229,515,599.3 | 9,129,594,970.2 | 60,770,049,747.4 | 85,629,598,654.2 | 90,506,061,877.3 | 81,193,813,808.0 | 58,512,033,805.9 | 78,283,923,543.8 | 128,233,959,333.3 | 106,042,349,567.3 | 103,080,538,044.1 | 122,174,889,423.6 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | -3.5 | 3.1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -1.1 | -5.3 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 3.1 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 14.0 | 418.0 | 20.9 | 23.7 | 24.6 | 20.2 | 16.2 | 35.6 | 18.1 | 19.3 | 27.9 | 20.5 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 14.5 | 14.7 | 13.2 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 16.8 | 19.4 | 20.9 | 21.6 | 25.2 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 37.0 | 36.7 | 40.9 | 42.2 | 37.1 | 39.0 | 35.9 | 35.7 | 33.9 | 27.1 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 24.3 | 25.1 | 35.8 | 37.0 | 31.8 | 40.1 | 36.0 | 32.7 | 30.9 | 23.0 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 22.0 | 19.9 | 22.4 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 22.4 | 20.5 | 20.9 | 19.0 | 11.7 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 0.0 | .. | 29.7 | 28.8 | 23.9 | 24.5 | 19.8 | 16.2 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 10.6 | .. | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | 52.8 | 13.6 | 14.1 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 49.6 | 24.1 | 26.6 | 20.9 | 18.2 | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 23.9 | 25.6 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 28.4 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 14.8 | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | 28.7 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 9.8 | 11.2 | 20.6 | 10.9 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 7.6 | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 17.5 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 44.6 | 44.1 | 42.5 | 45.8 | 43.8 | 44.4 | 66.6 | 70.1 | 69.7 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 13.0 | 19.4 | 23.3 | 27.5 | 23.4 | 16.1 | 22.1 | 23.5 | 16.7 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 48.9 | 120.1 | 66.9 | 57.3 | 62.5 | 60.8 | 53.8 | 58.6 | 53.9 | 52.1 | 51.6 | 38.8 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | 84.9 | 105.0 | 132.4 | 121.6 | 79.1 | 129.0 | 167.3 | 129.0 | 128.3 | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 8,591,895,991.1 | 9,763,465,564.4 | 57,434,097,528.2 | 58,745,881,698.6 | 61,791,490,176.7 | 62,292,159,789.9 | 65,405,244,103.7 | 66,019,700,768.5 | 60,445,747,533.3 | 57,273,124,300.5 | 58,733,063,313.6 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 8.1 | 20.9 | 38.1 | 25.4 | 28.5 | 29.9 | 36.3 | 29.3 | 30.4 | 33.5 | 28.9 | .. | |
| Net migration | 64,821.0 | 72,793.0 | 91,614.0 | 77,731.0 | 61,632.0 | 58,984.0 | 7,556.0 | 29,094.0 | -995.0 | -995.0 | -2,629.0 | -3,524.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | .. | .. | 3,988,048.4 | 1,418,195.8 | 1,579,247.2 | 3,445,473.5 | 8,053,050.9 | 12,631,149.3 | 14,005,491.5 | 12,066,567.2 | 51,039,356.3 | 51,721,590.3 | |
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