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Population, total | 5,417,860.0 | 6,272,998.0 | 8,326,348.0 | 8,524,063.0 | 8,725,318.0 | 8,925,525.0 | 9,128,132.0 | 9,337,003.0 | 9,543,207.0 | 9,750,064.0 | 9,952,787.0 | 10,143,543.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.9 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 142,550.0 | 142,550.0 | 141,376.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,380.0 | 141,379.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | .. | 44.8 | 60.0 | 61.4 | 62.9 | 64.3 | 65.8 | 67.3 | 68.8 | 70.3 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 23.2 | 22.5 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | 6.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | .. | 1,067,373,244.0 | 11,131,955,616.0 | 10,654,541,763.1 | 9,656,683,965.4 | 9,110,541,637.9 | 9,349,340,573.6 | 9,967,178,068.4 | 10,041,893,219.0 | 11,281,996,404.2 | 13,840,795,739.9 | 14,584,547,608.9 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | .. | 170.0 | 1,340.0 | 1,250.0 | 1,110.0 | 1,020.0 | 1,020.0 | 1,070.0 | 1,050.0 | 1,160.0 | 1,390.0 | 1,440.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 13,943,620,062.9 | 6,238,405,598.9 | 32,918,855,072.0 | 30,466,253,365.4 | 29,857,833,446.6 | 31,416,268,483.0 | 33,074,065,405.4 | 38,258,488,363.2 | 41,597,998,467.0 | 47,821,764,056.2 | 60,918,891,408.0 | 64,729,682,680.9 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,570.0 | 990.0 | 3,950.0 | 3,570.0 | 3,420.0 | 3,520.0 | 3,620.0 | 4,100.0 | 4,360.0 | 4,900.0 | 6,120.0 | 6,380.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | 7.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 61.9 | 63.3 | 69.1 | 69.3 | 69.5 | 69.9 | 70.4 | 70.9 | 68.0 | 71.6 | 71.3 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.3 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 43.0 | 47.5 | 53.8 | 52.0 | 46.6 | 38.1 | 42.8 | 47.8 | 46.6 | 45.4 | 44.9 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 33.9 | .. | .. | .. | 29.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 70.7 | 90.3 | 98.0 | .. | 94.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 102.2 | 83.4 | 38.5 | 37.6 | 36.6 | 35.6 | 34.5 | 33.5 | 32.4 | 31.4 | 30.3 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 6.4 | 7.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | .. | 88.0 | 98.0 | 97.0 | 97.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 97.0 | 98.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 92.5 | 90.6 | 92.2 | 89.6 | 90.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | .. | 96.6 | 90.5 | 91.3 | 93.1 | 95.9 | .. | .. | 101.1 | 101.2 | 101.3 | 100.6 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | 71.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 87.3 | 88.2 | 89.3 | 87.4 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 0.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | .. | 4,100.0 | 4,194.4 | 4,218.0 | 4,218.0 | 4,218.0 | 4,218.0 | 4,228.0 | 4,238.0 | 4,248.0 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 19.4 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 15.4 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 979.7 | 342.5 | 336.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 3,275.5 | 2,142.0 | 1,486.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 2,603,571,428.6 | 860,541,842.3 | 9,112,605,459.3 | 8,271,431,485.1 | 6,992,416,096.9 | 7,536,402,852.9 | 7,764,999,999.5 | 8,300,813,599.3 | 8,133,963,550.7 | 8,937,805,347.1 | 10,713,525,200.4 | 12,060,602,008.8 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | -0.6 | 8.3 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 8.3 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 6.3 | 22.6 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 0.5 | 9.8 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 2.2 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 33.3 | 25.1 | 23.8 | 21.6 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 19.8 | 20.9 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 22.9 | .. | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 37.6 | 35.3 | 22.6 | 30.2 | 32.2 | 31.8 | 34.4 | 33.1 | 33.8 | 35.2 | 34.7 | .. | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 86.8 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 17.3 | 24.2 | 16.4 | .. | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | 88.6 | 45.4 | 40.1 | 42.5 | 38.9 | 41.5 | 41.1 | 38.4 | 47.6 | 49.1 | .. | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | .. | 9.4 | 26.5 | 44.7 | 40.5 | 29.9 | 37.3 | 35.4 | 33.5 | 34.9 | 35.5 | .. | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | 8.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.3 | 13.9 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 28.0 | 11.0 | 21.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 19.8 | 19.7 | 25.0 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 15.5 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 11.3 | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | 7.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10.3 | 10.3 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | .. | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 96.1 | 99.6 | 107.7 | 111.0 | 109.6 | 117.8 | 121.4 | 118.8 | .. | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 33.8 | 14.5 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | .. | 169.7 | 57.9 | 52.3 | 56.2 | 52.7 | 54.4 | 54.5 | 56.0 | 71.2 | 68.2 | 61.9 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 119.9 | 98.5 | 100.0 | 112.2 | 126.5 | 129.9 | 120.7 | 126.6 | 135.5 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | 1,140,676,654.0 | 5,123,749,263.3 | 5,144,129,015.0 | 5,180,495,790.8 | 5,865,953,296.1 | 6,086,669,246.0 | 6,632,776,523.9 | 6,903,659,102.3 | 6,970,252,411.4 | 6,744,547,550.9 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | 13.5 | 12.3 | 28.1 | 25.3 | 20.8 | 18.0 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 8.6 | .. | |
Net migration | -41,579.0 | -13,870.0 | -21,933.0 | -18,984.0 | -16,029.0 | -13,082.0 | -10,135.0 | -7,192.0 | -3,564.0 | -3,564.0 | -19,999.0 | -19,999.0 | |
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