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Population, total | 4,196,828.0 | 4,423,611.0 | 6,876,385.0 | 7,037,655.0 | 7,205,328.0 | 7,379,299.0 | 7,554,563.0 | 7,731,991.0 | 7,912,558.0 | 8,094,602.0 | 8,276,807.0 | 8,460,512.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | 72,300.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 58.1 | 61.3 | 95.3 | 97.5 | 99.8 | 102.2 | 104.7 | 107.1 | 109.6 | 112.1 | 114.7 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 56.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 802,290,038.5 | 659,075,114.2 | 7,814,190,355.0 | 6,332,169,281.2 | 6,329,029,641.7 | 6,212,577,520.1 | 6,306,353,269.9 | 6,579,788,107.2 | 6,651,661,916.9 | 7,166,763,821.5 | 7,625,387,897.4 | 7,336,231,335.1 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 190.0 | 150.0 | 1,140.0 | 900.0 | 880.0 | 840.0 | 830.0 | 850.0 | 840.0 | 890.0 | 920.0 | 870.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 4,818,219,124.4 | 4,803,509,098.6 | 19,385,629,553.8 | 17,653,568,074.9 | 18,556,039,844.5 | 18,359,343,927.9 | 19,732,906,598.6 | 20,684,225,114.7 | 21,430,045,784.3 | 22,833,547,210.3 | 25,771,039,154.2 | 28,251,050,768.8 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,150.0 | 1,090.0 | 2,820.0 | 2,510.0 | 2,580.0 | 2,490.0 | 2,610.0 | 2,680.0 | 2,710.0 | 2,820.0 | 3,110.0 | 3,340.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 44.1 | 45.1 | 56.4 | 57.2 | 58.4 | 58.7 | 59.8 | 60.3 | 59.8 | 60.1 | 60.4 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.6 | 6.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 160.2 | 160.0 | 122.3 | 116.3 | 111.2 | 107.0 | 104.1 | 102.2 | 100.2 | 98.1 | 95.7 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 4.3 | .. | .. | .. | 22.5 | .. | 21.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 37.1 | .. | .. | .. | 81.6 | .. | 86.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 260.2 | 225.3 | 139.6 | 140.5 | 125.7 | 121.0 | 116.6 | 112.2 | 108.2 | 104.4 | 100.8 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 25.4 | 23.4 | 13.0 | .. | .. | 15.6 | .. | 13.5 | .. | 12.0 | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | .. | 37.0 | 80.0 | 78.0 | 85.0 | 80.0 | 87.0 | 93.0 | 87.0 | 87.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | .. | 59.1 | 68.7 | 69.1 | 80.0 | 81.7 | 85.3 | 95.4 | 99.4 | 96.8 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 49.6 | 61.1 | .. | 116.4 | 118.6 | 122.3 | 110.5 | 140.4 | 137.5 | 151.7 | 156.8 | 153.1 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 16.0 | .. | .. | 38.5 | 40.7 | 40.1 | 41.6 | 59.0 | 60.2 | 70.7 | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.7 | .. | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 31,267.0 | 29,294.3 | 26,532.6 | 26,335.3 | 26,138.0 | 25,940.7 | 25,743.4 | 25,546.1 | 25,348.8 | 25,151.5 | 24,954.2 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 5.1 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 649,644,826.8 | 635,866,403.8 | 7,845,456,215.3 | 6,651,626,733.6 | 6,042,615,859.6 | 5,818,480,351.6 | 6,390,514,688.5 | 6,523,577,590.4 | 6,688,594,757.6 | 7,165,214,367.6 | 7,119,137,321.9 | 6,411,869,546.3 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 3.3 | 6.7 | 4.6 | -20.5 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 5.5 | -1.3 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.7 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 70.6 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 19.6 | 5.9 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 13.3 | 7.4 | 27.0 | 29.2 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 44.0 | 55.0 | 33.1 | 37.6 | 36.9 | 38.7 | 35.0 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 33.7 | 33.8 | 29.1 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 18.0 | 26.8 | 10.0 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 26.0 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 34.7 | 18.1 | 19.7 | 12.3 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 15.6 | 16.8 | 21.5 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 34.0 | 39.4 | 33.5 | 30.1 | 33.1 | 30.9 | 26.1 | 27.9 | 20.7 | 26.6 | 28.3 | 34.3 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 13.0 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 15.6 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 14.1 | 14.9 | 19.7 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 12.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 66.6 | 77.3 | 83.8 | 86.3 | 80.8 | 83.6 | 83.6 | 97.7 | .. | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 44.2 | 25.5 | 39.8 | 30.7 | 28.0 | 32.1 | 29.9 | 32.8 | 38.4 | 34.9 | 42.5 | 50.7 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | 223.1 | 105.0 | 100.0 | 107.2 | 118.3 | 117.8 | 113.5 | 106.2 | 120.8 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 1,196,563,740.7 | 1,248,363,708.6 | 1,433,230,470.4 | 1,558,269,901.7 | 1,624,682,511.1 | 1,794,517,242.0 | 1,833,542,130.1 | 1,930,060,483.2 | 2,195,392,001.4 | 2,531,761,915.1 | 2,400,367,946.5 | 2,381,922,454.2 | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 10.1 | 76.4 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 11.9 | |
Net migration | 131,587.0 | 83,013.0 | 485.0 | -356.0 | 4,657.0 | 1,234.0 | -2,741.0 | -2,238.0 | 1,292.0 | -1,544.0 | -4,000.0 | -4,000.0 | |
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