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Population, total | 1,141,312,704.0 | 1,406,945,493.0 | 1,754,030,304.0 | 1,775,545,180.0 | 1,797,072,648.0 | 1,818,931,519.0 | 1,840,534,093.0 | 1,861,598,514.0 | 1,882,531,620.0 | 1,901,911,604.0 | 1,919,348,000.0 | 1,938,549,529.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 5,144,770.0 | 5,137,847.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,334.0 | 5,135,681.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | 5,135,270.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 238.8 | 294.8 | 367.6 | 372.2 | 376.7 | 381.3 | 385.8 | 390.3 | 394.7 | 398.7 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | 50.0 | .. | 17.8 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 12.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 13.0 | 11.4 | 9.7 | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 424,629,321,137.1 | 622,039,915,741.0 | 2,588,911,479,103.7 | 2,700,032,558,836.6 | 2,907,210,917,193.4 | 3,173,017,806,419.1 | 3,548,986,075,586.6 | 3,749,622,533,651.4 | 3,513,591,258,028.2 | 3,989,718,523,651.3 | 4,391,810,384,240.0 | 4,629,510,358,516.4 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 372.1 | 442.1 | 1,476.0 | 1,520.7 | 1,617.7 | 1,744.4 | 1,928.2 | 2,014.2 | 1,866.4 | 2,097.7 | 2,288.2 | 2,388.1 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 1,424,882,615,699.0 | 2,922,034,515,766.9 | 8,710,687,440,519.3 | 9,212,823,982,525.5 | 9,926,926,375,740.5 | 10,624,705,931,773.0 | 11,697,907,601,652.6 | 12,557,824,288,879.4 | 12,470,734,696,872.4 | 14,382,521,327,485.2 | 16,333,464,842,277.2 | 18,012,029,221,756.2 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,248.5 | 2,076.9 | 4,966.1 | 5,188.7 | 5,523.9 | 5,841.2 | 6,355.7 | 6,745.7 | 6,624.4 | 7,562.1 | 8,509.9 | 9,291.5 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 58.6 | 62.9 | 68.6 | 69.1 | 69.6 | 70.0 | 70.3 | 70.5 | 69.7 | 67.6 | 68.2 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.3 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 124.5 | 102.7 | 43.9 | 34.4 | 32.5 | 32.0 | 31.0 | 29.7 | 29.1 | 28.9 | 27.9 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 40.8 | 45.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 61.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 36.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 81.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 130.2 | 93.5 | 51.9 | 49.4 | 47.0 | 44.9 | 42.8 | 40.9 | 39.1 | 37.4 | 35.9 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 42.8 | 31.6 | 30.9 | 30.2 | 29.5 | 28.7 | 28.1 | 27.4 | 26.7 | 26.0 | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 56.0 | 57.9 | 82.8 | 85.1 | 85.8 | 87.5 | 90.2 | 91.6 | 87.8 | 87.4 | 91.7 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 63.1 | 68.0 | 91.0 | 91.9 | 92.0 | 91.9 | 91.1 | 91.0 | 92.2 | 92.8 | 103.7 | 88.8 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 87.1 | 89.3 | 106.1 | 107.0 | 112.2 | 110.8 | 99.9 | 99.2 | 100.4 | 101.1 | 107.0 | 107.7 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 35.8 | 42.8 | 67.6 | 67.8 | 69.3 | 67.9 | 69.3 | 69.4 | 71.1 | 73.1 | 73.3 | 71.6 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 825,834.3 | 857,850.3 | 884,190.9 | 886,592.9 | 888,601.5 | 891,070.5 | 893,309.3 | 895,548.1 | 897,786.9 | 900,025.7 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 6.0 | .. | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 46.5 | 46.6 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 46.4 | 45.6 | 46.2 | 50.0 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 329.7 | 389.2 | 565.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 244.2 | 351.8 | 694.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 406,963,354,249.8 | 647,681,666,329.1 | 2,614,915,526,247.9 | 2,733,618,963,171.6 | 3,011,037,037,667.9 | 3,433,921,312,241.1 | 3,534,066,858,502.0 | 3,658,209,766,221.6 | 3,493,120,726,807.9 | 4,079,882,760,410.2 | 4,327,288,984,027.9 | 4,475,567,635,413.1 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 5.4 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 3.9 | -4.6 | 8.8 | 6.3 | 6.4 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 5.4 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 27.7 | 22.5 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 18.1 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 16.0 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 26.2 | 25.3 | 26.8 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 26.0 | 24.9 | 25.3 | 26.4 | 25.7 | 25.5 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 8.3 | 13.2 | 21.2 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 19.9 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 11.0 | 15.3 | 25.6 | 22.2 | 20.6 | 21.6 | 23.5 | 21.4 | 19.0 | 23.1 | 26.2 | 23.2 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 26.0 | 24.7 | 31.9 | 30.2 | 28.9 | 29.9 | 31.1 | 29.3 | 28.1 | 30.7 | 31.5 | 31.9 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 12.7 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 12.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 17.3 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 14.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 10.3 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 11.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.3 | 72.5 | 74.4 | 81.8 | 84.8 | 85.5 | 83.9 | 84.3 | 84.6 | 83.8 | 83.6 | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 11.9 | 14.1 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 16.2 | 22.4 | 37.5 | 31.2 | 27.3 | 28.3 | 30.7 | 28.4 | 24.4 | 30.8 | 34.1 | 30.4 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 124,082,387,383.7 | 162,380,815,649.8 | 608,854,968,232.4 | 639,966,111,262.4 | 629,299,669,511.5 | 718,356,534,655.4 | 744,483,390,668.2 | 804,339,009,830.0 | 831,099,279,937.9 | 912,615,025,919.1 | 919,016,250,353.6 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 30.2 | 17.1 | 18.1 | 11.2 | 16.2 | 10.8 | 12.2 | 11.2 | 16.3 | 9.4 | 9.9 | .. | |
Net migration | -765,584.0 | -874,181.0 | -2,708,921.0 | -3,523,806.0 | -2,552,785.0 | -2,181,786.0 | -2,409,118.0 | -2,281,362.0 | -302,152.0 | -925,916.0 | -1,176,332.0 | -1,175,806.0 | |
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