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Population, total | 2,449,968.0 | 3,001,731.0 | 3,888,793.0 | 3,957,099.0 | 4,026,336.0 | 4,096,063.0 | 4,165,255.0 | 4,232,532.0 | 4,294,396.0 | 4,351,267.0 | 4,408,581.0 | 4,468,087.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 75,420.0 | 75,420.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | 75,320.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 33.0 | 40.4 | 52.5 | 53.4 | 54.3 | 55.3 | 56.2 | 57.1 | 57.9 | 58.7 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | 37.9 | 25.6 | 23.0 | 22.1 | 20.7 | 21.4 | 21.5 | .. | 21.8 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 11.1 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | .. | 1.1 | .. | 1.3 | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 6,522,537,937.5 | 11,770,138,992.6 | 43,640,282,890.8 | 48,416,679,421.7 | 51,576,009,806.0 | 56,408,980,698.8 | 61,722,499,140.1 | 64,914,832,467.0 | 55,526,094,291.9 | 64,972,117,840.5 | 75,145,369,171.5 | 80,479,711,395.5 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 2,660.0 | 3,920.0 | 11,220.0 | 12,240.0 | 12,810.0 | 13,770.0 | 14,820.0 | 15,340.0 | 12,930.0 | 14,930.0 | 17,050.0 | 18,010.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 12,412,600,614.7 | 25,100,572,606.1 | 87,418,109,697.8 | 101,784,571,753.0 | 114,064,693,370.1 | 129,596,860,923.5 | 126,754,891,218.3 | 130,798,959,018.8 | 111,162,359,498.1 | 127,104,736,182.1 | 153,153,139,358.1 | 170,288,287,416.0 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 5,070.0 | 8,360.0 | 22,480.0 | 25,720.0 | 28,330.0 | 31,640.0 | 30,430.0 | 30,900.0 | 25,890.0 | 29,210.0 | 34,740.0 | 38,110.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .. | 3.7 | .. | 3.7 | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 71.1 | 74.0 | 77.2 | 77.5 | 77.7 | 77.8 | 77.9 | 77.8 | 76.7 | 76.2 | 76.8 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 95.8 | 93.3 | 90.2 | 86.4 | 81.6 | 78.6 | 75.0 | 71.8 | 70.8 | 69.9 | 68.5 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | 50.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 90.5 | 93.9 | 96.3 | 94.6 | 94.2 | 92.9 | 95.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 30.4 | 25.6 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 15.8 | 15.0 | 14.1 | 13.3 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 73.0 | 97.0 | 90.0 | 93.0 | 95.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 97.0 | 80.0 | 92.0 | 92.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 91.3 | 97.2 | .. | .. | 89.9 | 92.8 | 86.5 | 87.0 | 94.8 | 92.8 | 92.8 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 102.1 | 105.0 | 99.1 | 96.0 | 93.1 | 94.6 | 98.7 | 93.1 | 94.3 | 100.7 | 100.9 | 94.6 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 60.8 | 64.4 | 76.5 | 77.0 | 83.0 | 76.9 | .. | .. | .. | 82.9 | .. | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | 1.0 | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 46,074.0 | 44,421.4 | 42,823.3 | 42,709.1 | 42,595.0 | 42,480.8 | 42,366.7 | 42,252.5 | 42,138.4 | 42,024.2 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 15.3 | 27.7 | 27.7 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 608.5 | 855.8 | 1,083.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 840.4 | 1,278.6 | 2,070.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 6,433,967,000.0 | 12,304,115,000.0 | 49,921,400,000.0 | 54,091,800,000.0 | 57,907,700,000.0 | 62,202,700,000.0 | 67,294,169,200.0 | 69,721,787,500.0 | 57,086,836,900.0 | 67,406,738,100.0 | 76,522,511,780.6 | 83,382,400,000.0 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 8.1 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 3.3 | -17.7 | 15.8 | 10.8 | 7.3 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 0.6 | -1.2 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 0.3 | -0.6 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 1.5 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 8.1 | 6.3 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 19.4 | 21.5 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 28.4 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 28.4 | 23.3 | 26.2 | 26.2 | 27.1 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 57.5 | 62.0 | 55.4 | 47.7 | 42.0 | 41.8 | 42.4 | 40.3 | 36.1 | 41.1 | 47.9 | .. | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 64.3 | 72.0 | 63.7 | 52.3 | 45.4 | 45.6 | 43.8 | 40.2 | 31.3 | 37.7 | 48.0 | .. | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 21.1 | 36.5 | 44.3 | 42.8 | 40.5 | 41.7 | 41.2 | 38.1 | 24.8 | 32.4 | 41.2 | .. | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 13.6 | 13.2 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 11.2 | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 78.0 | 80.9 | 81.1 | 83.1 | 80.2 | 77.1 | 89.8 | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 10.3 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.5 | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 13.7 | 177.6 | 145.1 | 127.7 | 128.9 | 137.4 | 137.6 | 142.2 | 147.7 | 156.3 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 29.2 | 34.4 | 74.8 | 62.6 | 55.5 | 53.1 | 51.2 | 47.1 | 42.4 | 50.1 | 58.2 | 60.9 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 86.0 | 125.0 | 102.5 | 100.0 | 98.3 | 100.1 | 101.8 | 99.7 | 110.4 | 106.5 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 6,678,516,550.8 | 6,608,486,066.2 | 78,034,041,164.2 | 88,501,170,628.5 | 89,440,297,342.6 | 93,148,803,468.4 | 100,310,977,753.7 | 107,415,987,705.1 | 108,866,240,274.6 | .. | .. | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | 7.4 | 10.2 | 24.5 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 31.3 | .. | .. | .. | |
Net migration | -854.0 | 2,602.0 | 7,105.0 | 8,648.0 | 10,109.0 | 11,059.0 | 11,130.0 | 10,623.0 | 5,473.0 | 5,473.0 | 7,967.0 | 7,262.0 | |
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