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Population, total | 9,464,103.0 | 10,425,820.0 | 12,904,905.0 | 13,091,061.0 | 13,273,445.0 | 13,487,767.0 | 13,634,874.0 | 13,761,088.0 | 13,884,095.0 | 14,040,798.0 | 14,217,718.0 | 14,411,921.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 290,211.0 | 283,308.0 | 281,764.0 | 281,771.0 | 281,772.0 | 281,773.0 | 281,768.0 | 281,771.0 | 281,773.0 | 281,778.0 | 281,781.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 41.6 | 39.7 | 46.8 | 47.5 | 48.1 | 49.0 | 49.5 | 49.9 | 50.4 | 50.9 | 51.6 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 34,552,563,544.4 | 55,137,025,087.7 | 164,637,194,666.0 | 162,017,995,715.7 | 159,806,944,123.7 | 165,632,665,843.0 | 184,158,959,424.1 | 197,097,073,075.7 | 182,764,314,670.0 | 199,191,247,883.2 | 217,420,809,489.0 | 229,930,759,589.2 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 3,650.9 | 5,288.5 | 12,757.7 | 12,376.2 | 12,039.6 | 12,280.2 | 13,506.5 | 14,322.8 | 13,163.6 | 14,186.6 | 15,292.2 | 15,954.2 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 76,185,907,991.3 | 124,972,476,035.5 | 271,072,355,660.5 | 268,105,278,808.4 | 280,177,406,617.8 | 305,097,560,730.4 | 322,037,161,831.1 | 350,366,458,000.1 | 332,513,383,576.6 | 363,811,111,252.6 | 408,425,289,052.7 | 431,777,380,571.9 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 8,050.0 | 11,986.8 | 21,005.4 | 20,480.0 | 21,108.1 | 22,620.3 | 23,618.6 | 25,460.7 | 23,949.2 | 25,911.0 | 28,726.5 | 29,959.7 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 65.6 | 66.9 | 71.9 | 72.3 | 72.6 | 73.0 | 73.2 | 73.5 | 73.2 | 72.4 | 72.9 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 68.4 | 52.0 | 34.9 | 33.4 | 32.4 | 31.4 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 28.6 | 28.0 | 27.5 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 39.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 72.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 89.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 75.3 | 64.5 | 37.4 | 35.8 | 34.4 | 33.8 | 32.5 | 31.5 | 30.8 | 29.8 | 28.9 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 84.9 | 81.9 | 87.9 | 86.4 | 85.6 | 86.8 | 86.7 | 85.2 | 80.9 | 78.4 | 80.1 | 82.5 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 67.6 | 74.8 | 82.2 | 82.7 | 82.8 | 82.8 | 83.1 | 83.0 | 82.8 | 82.3 | 82.0 | 81.5 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 96.9 | 100.7 | 104.1 | 103.8 | 103.5 | 103.5 | 103.1 | 102.8 | 102.5 | 101.5 | 101.3 | .. | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 43.2 | 52.3 | 67.1 | 67.8 | 68.4 | 69.3 | 70.0 | 70.7 | 71.0 | 71.2 | 71.3 | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.3 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .. | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 47,249.6 | 70,892.4 | 81,796.6 | 81,983.6 | 82,000.8 | 82,196.9 | 82,212.0 | 82,229.8 | 82,248.1 | 82,266.0 | 82,284.2 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 20.8 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 22.6 | 22.7 | 22.7 | .. | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 2.9 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 2,773.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 36,474,622,945.6 | 56,448,952,736.3 | 169,820,928,102.1 | 153,632,608,575.7 | 161,593,008,996.1 | 180,001,729,452.6 | 197,102,680,977.4 | 198,507,093,590.9 | 181,482,110,538.1 | 212,298,327,078.2 | 228,425,738,381.9 | 241,086,470,734.4 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 5.1 | 7.1 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | -5.9 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 2.9 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 6.2 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 3.8 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | .. | 4.3 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 28.9 | 26.1 | 25.1 | 25.3 | 25.9 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 26.5 | 27.9 | 25.1 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 57.6 | 63.5 | 74.9 | 70.9 | 67.5 | 68.8 | 70.6 | 70.7 | 68.5 | 78.6 | 87.1 | 81.1 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 56.7 | 59.6 | 66.5 | 65.4 | 63.7 | 65.0 | 67.2 | 66.3 | 68.0 | 72.1 | 79.3 | 75.7 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 22.0 | 23.3 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 25.9 | 27.2 | 28.2 | 27.0 | 27.6 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 25.9 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | 37.6 | 33.5 | 29.0 | 30.3 | 28.9 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 28.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 21.4 | 14.7 | 14.4 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 12.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | 21.2 | 18.3 | 16.5 | 18.6 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 16.9 | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 4.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.3 | 18.9 | 115.2 | 118.2 | 124.5 | 121.1 | 118.8 | 117.4 | 116.4 | 122.1 | 124.9 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 13.1 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 14.9 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 17.3 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 16.4 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 81.7 | 87.6 | 80.9 | 76.0 | 71.5 | 73.1 | 76.7 | 73.3 | 71.2 | 81.6 | 88.6 | 77.2 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Net migration | 48,529.0 | 43,772.0 | 41,466.0 | 45,319.0 | 53,400.0 | 46,745.0 | 3,756.0 | -11.0 | 16,583.0 | 40,185.0 | 81,853.0 | 36,357.0 | |
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