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Population, total | 1,711,089,696.0 | 2,114,855,470.0 | 2,695,950,000.0 | 2,737,695,800.0 | 2,779,326,476.0 | 2,821,058,566.0 | 2,862,391,122.0 | 2,903,108,878.0 | 2,943,860,780.0 | 2,983,113,040.0 | 3,020,375,650.0 | 3,059,564,861.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 24,790,471.0 | 24,778,451.0 | 24,777,293.0 | 24,782,119.0 | 24,782,120.0 | 24,782,463.0 | 24,782,062.0 | 24,782,119.0 | 24,782,149.7 | 24,782,149.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 75.4 | 88.1 | 112.3 | 114.0 | 115.7 | 117.5 | 119.2 | 120.9 | 122.6 | 124.2 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | 46.5 | .. | 18.0 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 12.6 | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 786,188,123,005.3 | 1,215,756,928,410.6 | 4,990,842,522,735.2 | 5,125,682,383,991.3 | 5,282,827,112,327.2 | 5,489,679,260,381.2 | 5,978,798,468,412.1 | 6,305,149,843,019.3 | 6,053,940,625,096.7 | 6,732,248,877,883.8 | 7,402,632,201,996.3 | 7,689,046,005,410.9 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 459.5 | 574.9 | 1,851.2 | 1,872.3 | 1,900.8 | 1,946.0 | 2,088.7 | 2,171.9 | 2,056.5 | 2,256.8 | 2,450.9 | 2,513.1 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 2,550,477,219,559.5 | 4,941,342,862,220.9 | 14,317,768,315,751.4 | 15,095,781,916,573.7 | 16,070,904,644,620.0 | 17,122,690,598,486.8 | 18,732,903,015,824.3 | 20,165,672,736,965.2 | 20,299,838,295,161.0 | 22,647,006,090,352.5 | 25,695,449,680,942.6 | 28,138,382,422,371.7 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,490.6 | 2,336.5 | 5,310.8 | 5,514.0 | 5,782.3 | 6,069.6 | 6,544.5 | 6,946.2 | 6,895.7 | 7,591.7 | 8,507.4 | 9,196.9 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 58.6 | 62.0 | 67.2 | 67.6 | 68.0 | 68.3 | 68.6 | 68.8 | 68.2 | 66.5 | 67.2 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 4.5 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 113.2 | 95.0 | 56.8 | 50.0 | 48.0 | 47.3 | 46.7 | 45.8 | 45.4 | 45.3 | 44.7 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 37.3 | 43.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 55.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 42.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 77.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 123.6 | 96.6 | 56.9 | 55.0 | 53.3 | 51.6 | 50.1 | 48.6 | 47.1 | 45.7 | 44.2 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 30.7 | 21.7 | 21.2 | 20.6 | 20.1 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 17.5 | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 61.2 | 62.5 | 80.3 | 81.0 | 82.0 | 83.0 | 84.6 | 85.4 | 82.8 | 80.7 | 84.2 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 66.9 | 71.7 | 88.3 | 88.8 | 88.8 | 88.7 | 88.7 | 88.3 | 89.2 | 89.6 | 95.9 | 87.3 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 88.2 | 92.6 | 103.3 | 103.3 | 106.0 | 105.0 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 99.3 | 99.5 | 102.4 | 102.8 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 37.1 | 43.7 | 64.5 | 64.9 | 65.7 | 64.9 | 65.9 | 66.3 | 67.5 | 68.8 | 68.9 | 67.9 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 6,285,804.8 | 6,249,268.8 | 5,974,336.6 | 5,952,519.8 | 5,932,909.6 | 5,910,918.1 | 5,889,089.0 | 5,867,388.5 | 5,845,811.0 | 5,824,151.5 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11.7 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 11.9 | .. | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 18.4 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.9 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 19.6 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 401.3 | 443.0 | 573.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 288.7 | 375.1 | 688.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 733,709,873,217.6 | 1,185,525,202,868.9 | 5,090,396,351,864.5 | 5,083,698,600,746.1 | 5,297,558,624,291.5 | 5,693,069,209,502.1 | 5,979,736,767,522.2 | 6,278,114,868,366.0 | 6,081,790,240,107.9 | 6,894,335,373,844.6 | 7,341,102,945,343.3 | 7,384,750,127,842.0 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 5.1 | 4.2 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.1 | -3.6 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.3 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 10.7 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 7.5 | 5.3 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 25.4 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 15.5 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 28.2 | 27.1 | 28.4 | 27.1 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 27.6 | 27.2 | 27.1 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 27.6 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 14.9 | 21.1 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 24.8 | 24.1 | 22.8 | 25.1 | 27.7 | 27.5 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 19.0 | 23.6 | 28.5 | 26.8 | 25.9 | 27.9 | 29.6 | 27.7 | 25.2 | 29.3 | 32.6 | 30.2 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 27.3 | 24.3 | 28.3 | 28.1 | 28.1 | 29.5 | 30.3 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 29.6 | 30.5 | 31.0 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 14.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 28.8 | 27.8 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 24.6 | 23.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 12.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 0.9 | 80.0 | 81.7 | 86.6 | 88.1 | 91.0 | 92.7 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 93.9 | 93.1 | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 11.8 | 11.7 | 12.9 | 17.7 | 18.7 | 19.3 | 21.1 | 19.3 | 21.1 | 16.8 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 26.7 | 36.4 | 44.6 | 39.6 | 37.1 | 40.0 | 42.7 | 40.8 | 36.9 | 43.7 | 47.7 | 43.9 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 430,243,449,544.4 | 519,668,173,207.4 | 1,433,249,688,783.1 | 1,503,280,607,357.4 | 1,555,169,876,508.9 | 1,760,426,121,857.2 | 1,846,346,158,217.1 | 1,986,643,636,750.1 | 2,127,143,721,924.6 | 2,297,587,078,557.0 | 2,351,309,952,402.4 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 24.6 | 17.2 | 12.8 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 14.7 | 11.4 | 10.9 | .. | |
Net migration | -367,666.0 | -837,260.0 | -2,645,764.0 | -3,562,894.0 | -2,933,199.0 | -2,794,985.0 | -3,459,029.0 | -3,358,742.0 | -969,809.0 | -1,393,606.0 | -1,988,789.0 | -2,019,645.0 | |
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