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Population, total | 183,501,098.0 | 216,077,790.0 | 258,877,399.0 | 261,799,249.0 | 264,627,418.0 | 267,346,658.0 | 269,951,846.0 | 272,489,381.0 | 274,814,866.0 | 276,758,053.0 | 278,830,529.0 | 281,190,067.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 1,910,930.0 | 1,910,930.0 | 1,910,931.0 | 1,913,580.0 | 1,913,580.0 | 1,916,820.0 | 1,916,862.2 | 1,916,906.8 | 1,916,906.8 | 1,916,906.8 | 1,916,906.8 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 101.3 | 115.1 | 137.9 | 139.4 | 140.9 | 142.4 | 143.8 | 145.1 | 146.4 | 146.2 | 147.3 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | 19.1 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.4 | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | 61.8 | 43.8 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 1.8 | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 101,910,452,938.1 | 122,450,409,459.2 | 922,995,729,808.1 | 886,547,498,572.5 | 890,493,673,496.0 | 934,207,963,800.2 | 1,028,158,608,321.3 | 1,096,634,205,244.4 | 1,059,188,261,567.9 | 1,142,865,991,939.1 | 1,260,912,101,881.7 | 1,352,588,341,753.9 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 560.0 | 570.0 | 3,570.0 | 3,390.0 | 3,370.0 | 3,490.0 | 3,810.0 | 4,020.0 | 3,850.0 | 4,130.0 | 4,520.0 | 4,810.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 531,107,722,581.8 | 935,920,239,984.6 | 2,518,156,676,015.8 | 2,538,121,217,610.4 | 2,628,825,069,015.5 | 2,766,768,816,137.5 | 2,978,437,369,938.8 | 3,166,892,074,842.8 | 3,134,895,515,994.8 | 3,434,771,286,486.5 | 3,873,642,750,646.9 | 4,223,105,347,886.3 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,890.0 | 4,330.0 | 9,730.0 | 9,690.0 | 9,930.0 | 10,350.0 | 11,030.0 | 11,620.0 | 11,410.0 | 12,410.0 | 13,890.0 | 15,020.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | 9.0 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 7.9 | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 63.2 | 66.4 | 69.5 | 69.7 | 69.8 | 69.9 | 70.3 | 70.5 | 68.8 | 67.6 | 68.3 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 74.8 | 53.9 | 40.1 | 37.9 | 35.4 | 32.8 | 30.6 | 28.9 | 27.2 | 26.8 | 26.6 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | 54.8 | 61.6 | 60.0 | 59.4 | 63.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 40.7 | 66.9 | .. | .. | 92.6 | 90.9 | 93.6 | 94.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 83.8 | 52.0 | 28.6 | 27.5 | 26.4 | 25.4 | 24.5 | 23.6 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.3 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | 24.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 17.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 58.0 | 76.0 | 86.0 | 87.0 | 88.0 | 90.0 | 89.0 | 88.0 | 76.0 | 72.0 | 92.0 | 82.0 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 94.4 | .. | 109.7 | 109.5 | 108.0 | 106.2 | 105.0 | 104.6 | 103.1 | 103.4 | 103.0 | 101.9 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 115.1 | 110.8 | 110.9 | 109.4 | 107.2 | 105.6 | 104.6 | 102.6 | 102.4 | 102.0 | 100.6 | 100.2 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 47.1 | 56.2 | 84.7 | 88.8 | 88.6 | 91.6 | 93.4 | 95.8 | 98.0 | 99.1 | 99.0 | 97.2 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 1,185,450.0 | 1,012,800.0 | 959,541.6 | 950,279.0 | 952,718.0 | 939,498.0 | 933,442.7 | 927,387.3 | 921,332.0 | 915,276.6 | 909,221.3 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 3.7 | 5.6 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.9 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 537.6 | 720.4 | 871.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 160.7 | 382.2 | 800.2 | 910.0 | 956.0 | 1,021.0 | 1,064.0 | 1,084.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 106,140,727,333.6 | 165,021,012,077.8 | 890,814,755,511.0 | 860,854,232,717.7 | 931,877,364,034.2 | 1,015,618,744,168.1 | 1,042,271,532,953.5 | 1,119,099,871,385.8 | 1,059,054,842,711.6 | 1,186,509,691,071.0 | 1,319,076,267,291.5 | 1,371,171,152,331.2 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 7.2 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | -2.1 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 5.0 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 9.1 | 20.4 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 1.6 | -0.4 | 6.0 | 9.6 | 1.5 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 21.5 | 15.7 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.2 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 13.7 | 13.3 | 12.4 | 12.5 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 39.4 | 42.0 | 41.9 | 40.0 | 39.3 | 39.4 | 39.7 | 39.0 | 38.2 | 39.8 | 41.4 | 40.2 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27.3 | 41.0 | 23.7 | 21.2 | 19.1 | 20.2 | 21.0 | 18.6 | 17.3 | 21.4 | 24.5 | 21.7 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 25.6 | 30.5 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 18.3 | 19.2 | 22.1 | 19.0 | 15.6 | 18.8 | 21.0 | 19.6 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 32.7 | 22.2 | 34.6 | 34.1 | 33.9 | 33.7 | 34.6 | 33.8 | 32.3 | 31.4 | 29.7 | 30.5 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 20.2 | .. | 14.6 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 15.1 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 53.9 | 49.3 | 26.3 | 24.5 | 21.0 | 12.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 43.4 | 46.8 | 48.0 | 47.0 | 47.2 | 47.1 | 53.7 | 54.3 | 51.1 | 50.4 | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 19.1 | .. | 10.8 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 11.6 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 1.7 | 127.1 | 130.8 | 147.2 | 164.5 | 119.6 | 126.6 | 130.8 | 133.7 | 114.9 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 9.3 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 9.1 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 44.8 | 66.1 | 39.8 | 34.0 | 30.1 | 32.1 | 35.4 | 30.3 | 28.8 | 36.0 | 40.1 | 35.1 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | 102.5 | 100.0 | 101.5 | 101.2 | 100.6 | 101.0 | 98.5 | 100.8 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 69,848,505,848.5 | 144,048,996,549.8 | 292,565,412,570.1 | 307,849,578,357.8 | 319,052,612,588.1 | 353,688,908,559.2 | 379,851,596,756.2 | 402,379,692,152.7 | 417,061,427,291.2 | 417,868,182,907.8 | 396,032,177,096.0 | 406,054,424,834.6 | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 33.5 | 22.8 | 29.9 | 34.6 | 37.5 | 29.4 | 25.1 | 39.5 | 36.8 | 26.2 | 23.3 | 19.6 | |
Net migration | 11,539.0 | -42,697.0 | -27,988.0 | -28,487.0 | -28,991.0 | -29,467.0 | -29,911.0 | -30,421.0 | -18,743.0 | -11,248.0 | -37,501.0 | -37,501.0 | |
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