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| Population, total | 4,980,488.0 | 6,577,773.0 | 9,237,305.0 | 9,412,380.0 | 9,588,137.0 | 9,765,210.0 | 9,943,633.0 | 10,119,640.0 | 10,289,877.0 | 10,463,872.0 | 10,644,851.0 | 10,825,703.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | 112,490.0 | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 44.5 | 58.8 | 82.6 | 84.1 | 85.7 | 87.3 | 88.9 | 90.4 | 92.0 | 93.5 | 95.1 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 51.5 | 49.7 | 49.8 | 50.4 | 48.0 | .. | 73.6 | .. | 64.1 | 62.9 | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | 51.7 | .. | 19.9 | 19.8 | 19.3 | 19.8 | 18.8 | .. | .. | .. | 17.0 | 15.7 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 5,482,223,145.1 | 6,707,315,557.9 | 18,753,419,055.6 | 19,698,747,620.6 | 21,168,930,160.1 | 22,308,762,539.9 | 23,206,501,549.9 | 21,472,692,890.4 | 25,122,076,929.6 | 28,217,097,886.5 | 30,632,885,969.4 | 32,658,132,972.1 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,100.0 | 1,020.0 | 2,030.0 | 2,090.0 | 2,210.0 | 2,280.0 | 2,330.0 | 2,120.0 | 2,440.0 | 2,700.0 | 2,880.0 | 3,020.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 9,581,998,563.3 | 16,492,014,756.0 | 41,708,776,073.2 | 45,399,704,059.0 | 50,592,235,980.2 | 50,677,251,146.5 | 53,040,096,379.6 | 50,624,228,154.9 | 58,446,482,549.1 | 65,532,093,618.4 | 70,632,848,655.6 | 74,699,976,293.9 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 1,920.0 | 2,510.0 | 4,520.0 | 4,820.0 | 5,280.0 | 5,190.0 | 5,330.0 | 5,000.0 | 5,680.0 | 6,260.0 | 6,640.0 | 6,900.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 2.9 | .. | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | .. | .. | .. | 3.6 | 3.7 | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 65.2 | 68.3 | 71.3 | 71.6 | 71.8 | 72.0 | 72.1 | 70.9 | 69.5 | 72.7 | 72.9 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.3 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 130.4 | 128.0 | 88.1 | 86.9 | 85.9 | 85.8 | 85.1 | 84.3 | 83.5 | 82.8 | 82.1 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 69.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | .. | 72.0 | 79.0 | 74.0 | .. | 94.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 58.1 | 37.3 | 20.5 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 18.4 | 17.8 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 15.5 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 90.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 98.0 | 91.0 | 89.0 | 82.0 | 81.0 | 77.0 | 77.0 | 79.0 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | .. | .. | 78.4 | 79.4 | .. | 76.5 | 76.4 | 71.3 | 68.2 | 73.5 | 72.0 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 104.2 | 103.2 | 89.2 | 88.6 | 87.1 | .. | 85.4 | 83.7 | 80.9 | 82.3 | 82.5 | 79.0 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | .. | 50.4 | 51.0 | 51.0 | .. | 64.4 | 58.4 | 54.5 | 53.9 | 54.5 | 51.8 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 69,877.8 | 67,782.7 | 64,638.3 | 64,430.5 | 64,221.1 | 64,011.6 | 63,802.1 | 63,592.6 | 63,383.1 | 63,173.6 | 62,964.1 | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.2 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 477.8 | 456.2 | 659.4 | 616.4 | 537.6 | 565.1 | 583.6 | 544.6 | 570.0 | 573.3 | 593.6 | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 366.0 | 488.8 | 687.1 | 699.3 | 737.2 | 739.4 | 777.0 | 676.9 | 780.5 | 757.1 | 752.1 | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 4,923,009,551.6 | 7,186,638,029.1 | 20,979,791,685.4 | 21,717,604,952.2 | 23,136,247,990.6 | 24,067,750,760.5 | 24,882,225,741.8 | 23,352,232,483.8 | 28,144,331,506.6 | 31,426,041,806.8 | 34,355,805,528.0 | 37,093,565,854.0 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 2.8 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 2.6 | -9.0 | 12.6 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 25.0 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 5.1 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 24.2 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 12.0 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 11.2 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 31.3 | 29.4 | 25.6 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 26.6 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 25.8 | 25.9 | 25.8 | 26.1 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 31.7 | 54.0 | 45.2 | 42.7 | 43.1 | 41.5 | 40.2 | 35.9 | 39.4 | 42.4 | 37.4 | 33.5 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 39.3 | 66.4 | 62.1 | 57.1 | 58.7 | 62.1 | 59.2 | 52.1 | 64.0 | 70.3 | 61.4 | 57.6 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 21.1 | 28.3 | 25.1 | 23.4 | 24.8 | 26.6 | 23.0 | 19.7 | 24.2 | 26.3 | 22.2 | 22.5 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 23.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 22.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 55.8 | 62.1 | 60.2 | 64.6 | 66.3 | 76.6 | 75.6 | 77.1 | 83.6 | 85.2 | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 17.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 2.4 | 87.1 | 83.2 | 85.9 | 77.7 | 76.0 | 68.8 | 73.5 | 75.9 | 74.4 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 1.3 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 1.4 | .. | 3.3 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 38.0 | 102.0 | 92.5 | 85.3 | 86.7 | 87.7 | 84.1 | 76.8 | 90.0 | 97.4 | 83.6 | 77.4 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 89.6 | 114.8 | 100.0 | 100.3 | 100.6 | 94.4 | 93.6 | 99.0 | 95.2 | 95.2 | 93.9 | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 3,816,730,011.6 | 5,616,776,612.6 | 7,634,387,493.8 | 7,621,689,846.3 | 8,749,704,481.5 | 9,177,024,593.1 | 9,755,669,687.5 | 11,074,425,349.5 | 12,507,763,354.8 | 12,638,567,154.6 | 12,820,575,274.5 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 38.3 | 14.8 | 18.4 | 13.6 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 12.0 | 23.8 | 14.7 | 17.3 | 17.2 | .. | |
| Net migration | -15,351.0 | -10,757.0 | -6,509.0 | -6,681.0 | -6,778.0 | -6,764.0 | -6,546.0 | -6,199.0 | -5,777.0 | -5,374.0 | -5,044.0 | -4,821.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 62,900,001.5 | 474,498,240.0 | 3,666,201,326.9 | 3,863,739,159.1 | 4,322,761,613.5 | 4,776,545,983.3 | 5,401,465,664.9 | 5,588,646,520.7 | 7,203,426,672.8 | 8,485,378,379.7 | 8,968,206,468.5 | 9,532,724,045.3 | |
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