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| Population, total | 420,525,030.0 | 429,339,162.0 | 443,793,218.0 | 444,676,652.0 | 445,321,060.0 | 446,329,890.0 | 446,910,453.0 | 446,870,959.0 | 446,227,358.0 | 447,703,403.0 | 449,425,965.0 | 450,185,396.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 4,139,269.1 | 4,139,067.1 | 4,253,856.9 | 4,254,041.9 | 4,253,847.1 | 4,254,042.2 | 4,254,462.8 | 4,254,503.8 | 4,254,509.0 | 4,254,541.1 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 117.0 | 107.4 | 111.0 | 111.2 | 111.4 | 111.7 | 111.8 | 111.8 | 111.6 | 112.0 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 6,015,572,915,307.6 | 7,938,239,435,004.4 | 14,939,039,188,115.5 | 14,439,333,527,546.4 | 14,283,844,094,403.4 | 15,564,124,427,310.0 | 16,227,019,962,064.6 | 15,493,414,682,443.8 | 17,207,960,514,506.2 | 18,163,349,167,988.9 | 18,337,322,139,757.9 | 18,442,551,094,077.4 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 14,304.9 | 18,489.4 | 33,662.2 | 32,471.5 | 32,075.4 | 34,871.3 | 36,309.3 | 34,670.9 | 38,563.2 | 40,570.0 | 40,801.7 | 40,966.6 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 6,235,969,483,422.9 | 9,459,979,163,261.9 | 17,036,078,350,053.4 | 18,171,192,757,142.7 | 19,131,353,789,963.1 | 20,142,722,110,258.0 | 21,761,741,773,099.3 | 21,231,277,467,590.9 | 23,266,299,368,379.9 | 25,711,181,954,557.9 | 26,450,920,884,641.9 | 28,037,104,832,733.3 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 14,829.0 | 22,033.8 | 38,387.4 | 40,863.8 | 42,960.8 | 45,129.7 | 48,693.7 | 47,511.0 | 52,140.0 | 57,429.1 | 58,854.9 | 62,279.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 74.7 | 77.1 | 80.6 | 81.0 | 80.9 | 81.0 | 81.3 | 80.4 | 80.3 | 80.7 | 81.4 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 21.9 | 15.1 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.7 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 99.4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 98.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 12.2 | 7.2 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 79.3 | 89.1 | 93.5 | 93.6 | 94.2 | 94.5 | 94.7 | 94.3 | 94.5 | 94.0 | 93.4 | 93.6 | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 98.1 | 97.7 | 96.9 | 97.4 | 96.3 | 96.5 | 96.5 | 97.2 | 96.5 | 97.4 | 97.3 | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | .. | 103.3 | 101.4 | 101.0 | 101.4 | 101.4 | 101.5 | 100.8 | 101.4 | 101.4 | 102.4 | 102.4 | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | 101.5 | 108.0 | 107.1 | 107.4 | 107.6 | 107.3 | 108.1 | 108.0 | 107.6 | 107.0 | 107.0 | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 1,295,357.3 | 1,517,983.7 | 1,582,568.6 | 1,584,695.3 | 1,586,843.1 | 1,588,671.1 | 1,590,411.9 | 1,592,220.5 | 1,594,035.8 | 1,595,846.6 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | 15.3 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 19.7 | 19.9 | 20.0 | 20.1 | 20.1 | 20.3 | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 14.5 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.6 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 3,426.5 | 3,426.8 | 3,176.3 | 3,193.8 | 3,244.4 | 3,209.9 | 3,149.9 | 2,934.0 | 3,109.9 | 2,919.5 | 2,776.9 | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 5,129.4 | 5,780.1 | 6,131.3 | 6,182.7 | 6,240.1 | 6,205.3 | 6,112.8 | 5,882.4 | 6,141.5 | 5,938.1 | 5,727.5 | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 6,505,698,343,166.2 | 7,288,482,686,162.8 | 13,655,113,751,882.8 | 13,990,609,868,691.7 | 14,870,146,541,628.4 | 16,092,154,353,714.7 | 15,809,298,345,792.2 | 15,505,708,717,748.9 | 17,498,522,970,845.2 | 16,996,087,955,139.8 | 18,602,672,971,721.6 | 19,423,319,451,330.3 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | -5.6 | 6.4 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 4.3 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 3.3 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | .. | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | .. | 25.2 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.1 | 22.3 | 22.9 | 23.3 | 22.1 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 25.6 | 35.6 | 46.2 | 45.8 | 47.4 | 48.2 | 48.5 | 45.7 | 49.6 | 55.3 | 51.9 | 50.7 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 25.9 | 34.7 | 41.8 | 41.4 | 43.2 | 44.4 | 45.0 | 42.1 | 45.8 | 53.4 | 48.3 | 46.3 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 25.0 | 23.4 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 21.2 | 21.8 | 22.5 | 22.1 | 23.0 | 24.2 | 22.4 | 21.3 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 31.9 | 36.7 | 35.9 | 35.8 | 35.8 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 35.9 | 36.0 | 35.8 | 35.8 | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 17.8 | 20.3 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 19.2 | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.5 | 51.1 | 121.8 | 122.2 | 122.6 | 122.0 | 121.8 | 121.5 | 123.3 | 123.7 | .. | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 17.3 | 17.6 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 19.1 | 19.1 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 40.4 | 59.6 | 69.9 | 68.6 | 71.5 | 73.0 | 71.9 | 68.6 | 75.1 | 86.2 | 76.7 | 72.2 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Net migration | 676,023.0 | 673,775.0 | 1,510,501.0 | 1,025,819.0 | 1,145,236.0 | 1,355,231.0 | 1,415,454.0 | 1,066,639.0 | 1,023,760.0 | 4,206,655.0 | 1,304,104.0 | 194,612.0 | |
| Personal remittances, received (current US$) | 28,031,602,439.2 | 29,719,401,978.6 | 107,689,357,460.1 | 109,503,610,060.5 | 117,480,480,472.1 | 125,224,533,103.2 | 127,296,883,707.6 | 126,458,186,225.4 | 137,580,150,347.8 | 136,662,417,824.8 | 152,263,939,190.4 | 157,426,006,823.8 | |
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