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| Population, total | 3,158,253.0 | 3,979,193.0 | 4,844,288.0 | 4,895,242.0 | 4,945,205.0 | 4,993,842.0 | 5,040,734.0 | 5,084,532.0 | 5,123,105.0 | 5,153,957.0 | 5,180,829.0 | 5,212,173.0 | |
| Population growth (annual %) | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | 51,100.0 | .. | .. | |
| Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 61.9 | 77.9 | 94.9 | 95.9 | 96.9 | 97.8 | 98.7 | 99.6 | 100.3 | 100.9 | .. | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 24.6 | 23.6 | 22.9 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 23.9 | 30.0 | 26.2 | 25.5 | .. | |
| Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | 10.4 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
| GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 5,445,106,526.8 | 14,146,862,880.4 | 49,647,414,900.0 | 51,917,061,834.5 | 54,400,824,902.5 | 56,910,786,819.4 | 59,880,004,870.2 | 61,231,309,981.8 | 58,897,248,396.8 | 63,811,739,573.1 | 66,928,185,420.1 | 72,206,986,728.1 | |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,720.0 | 3,560.0 | 10,250.0 | 10,610.0 | 11,000.0 | 11,400.0 | 11,880.0 | 12,040.0 | 11,500.0 | 12,380.0 | 12,920.0 | 13,850.0 | |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 14,980,085,889.9 | 29,603,432,874.3 | 74,975,230,822.8 | 80,876,470,645.0 | 89,561,552,597.2 | 95,456,146,572.4 | 100,873,430,242.5 | 109,750,406,810.1 | 104,777,369,677.3 | 114,156,994,276.0 | 125,581,666,100.1 | 134,470,457,109.0 | |
| GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 4,740.0 | 7,440.0 | 15,480.0 | 16,520.0 | 18,110.0 | 19,110.0 | 20,010.0 | 21,590.0 | 20,450.0 | 22,150.0 | 24,240.0 | 25,800.0 | |
| Income share held by lowest 20% | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | |
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 76.6 | 77.6 | 78.8 | 79.1 | 79.5 | 79.4 | 79.5 | 79.4 | 79.3 | 77.0 | 77.3 | .. | |
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .. | |
| Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 93.7 | 82.1 | 59.0 | 55.3 | 53.0 | 53.8 | 51.1 | 44.9 | 38.0 | 37.1 | 35.7 | .. | |
| Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | 77.8 | .. | .. | 70.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 96.6 | 99.2 | 90.0 | 98.8 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 99.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 16.9 | 13.1 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.7 | .. | |
| Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | 2.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 90.0 | 82.0 | 95.0 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 96.0 | 94.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 89.0 | 90.0 | .. | |
| Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 74.7 | 88.7 | 98.5 | 95.1 | 94.6 | 94.2 | 95.6 | 96.5 | 96.8 | 99.1 | 101.0 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 100.7 | 109.8 | 108.5 | 106.7 | 107.0 | 106.6 | 108.7 | 110.9 | 109.8 | 108.9 | 107.6 | .. | |
| School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 43.4 | 61.5 | 115.7 | 117.9 | 120.0 | 123.8 | 128.5 | 137.0 | 135.9 | 141.2 | 133.2 | .. | |
| School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .. | .. | .. | |
| Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | .. | |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 29,074.0 | 28,572.2 | 29,366.6 | 29,530.3 | 29,694.0 | 29,857.7 | 30,021.3 | 30,185.0 | 30,348.7 | 30,512.4 | .. | .. | |
| Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 28.8 | .. | |
| Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 | .. | .. | |
| Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.4 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 531.1 | 722.2 | 1,012.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,058.8 | 1,500.6 | 1,922.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| GDP (current US$) | 5,711,687,786.8 | 15,013,629,658.7 | 52,016,408,951.8 | 56,441,920,821.1 | 58,847,019,609.7 | 60,516,044,657.2 | 62,420,164,991.5 | 64,417,670,521.2 | 62,395,610,760.4 | 64,960,725,734.2 | 69,243,626,028.6 | 86,497,941,439.0 | |
| GDP growth (annual %) | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 | -4.3 | 7.9 | 4.6 | 5.1 | |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 18.5 | 9.4 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 6.3 | -0.1 | |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 15.8 | 9.2 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 | |
| Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 25.7 | 25.4 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 19.6 | 19.2 | 20.4 | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.5 | |
| Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 34.2 | 42.9 | 31.4 | 30.0 | 31.3 | 32.8 | 33.7 | 34.3 | 31.9 | 36.2 | 40.6 | 37.3 | |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 41.1 | 43.6 | 33.8 | 30.8 | 30.9 | 32.3 | 33.2 | 31.4 | 28.2 | 34.6 | 39.1 | 33.0 | |
| Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 27.3 | 20.7 | 19.2 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 15.4 | |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 15.5 | 15.8 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.0 | .. | |
| Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 23.0 | 23.0 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 23.0 | 23.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 68.8 | 72.4 | 77.0 | 79.2 | 79.9 | 78.5 | 90.1 | 89.7 | 80.1 | 77.0 | |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 13.4 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 14.4 | .. | |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 5.3 | 144.9 | 153.9 | 168.5 | 177.0 | 168.5 | 143.8 | 146.6 | 152.0 | 152.0 | .. | |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 36.5 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 22.0 | .. | |
| Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 60.2 | 81.5 | 55.3 | 45.5 | 43.9 | 45.5 | 47.7 | 45.7 | 43.7 | 55.8 | 56.7 | 49.8 | |
| Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 79.4 | 105.9 | 93.0 | 100.0 | 103.3 | 100.6 | 98.8 | 98.6 | 102.2 | 96.2 | .. | .. | |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 3,845,937,733.1 | 4,692,408,663.5 | 19,722,088,699.2 | 23,588,779,506.4 | 25,562,670,955.2 | 25,615,909,360.8 | 28,369,279,758.1 | 29,800,758,229.0 | 31,269,331,814.7 | 34,107,656,208.8 | 38,946,101,897.4 | .. | |
| Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 24.5 | 9.5 | 20.5 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 15.5 | 13.5 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 6.4 | .. | |
| Net migration | 7,941.0 | 13,590.0 | 3,996.0 | 4,065.0 | 4,150.0 | 4,196.0 | 4,198.0 | 4,154.0 | 2,084.0 | 2,084.0 | 3,850.0 | 3,750.0 | |
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