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Population, total | 12,189,778.0 | 17,699,004.0 | 24,527,395.0 | 25,246,342.0 | 25,989,405.0 | 26,733,372.0 | 27,464,173.0 | 28,193,009.0 | 28,915,449.0 | 29,639,736.0 | 30,395,002.0 | 31,165,654.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 3.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | 322,460.0 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 38.3 | 55.7 | 77.1 | 79.4 | 81.7 | 84.1 | 86.4 | 88.7 | 90.9 | 93.2 | 95.6 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | 44.4 | .. | .. | 39.5 | .. | .. | 37.5 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | 33.4 | .. | .. | 11.5 | .. | .. | 9.7 | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 9,252,562,275.7 | 10,715,842,936.2 | 45,707,802,572.6 | 47,540,059,401.9 | 48,916,733,337.1 | 50,063,915,043.6 | 55,125,815,646.7 | 59,848,852,036.6 | 61,171,952,028.0 | 68,303,480,072.3 | 73,699,585,852.2 | 76,938,116,005.6 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 760.0 | 610.0 | 1,860.0 | 1,880.0 | 1,880.0 | 1,870.0 | 2,010.0 | 2,120.0 | 2,120.0 | 2,300.0 | 2,420.0 | 2,470.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 29,587,329,285.9 | 31,597,376,300.9 | 98,069,384,225.3 | 108,731,649,059.2 | 115,130,993,832.2 | 121,709,257,256.7 | 132,046,527,045.8 | 151,190,324,519.9 | 155,606,848,537.1 | 173,671,121,074.5 | 197,208,408,656.6 | 215,288,214,934.9 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 2,430.0 | 1,790.0 | 4,000.0 | 4,310.0 | 4,430.0 | 4,550.0 | 4,810.0 | 5,360.0 | 5,380.0 | 5,860.0 | 6,490.0 | 6,910.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | 5.7 | .. | .. | 7.0 | .. | .. | 7.6 | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 52.6 | 50.8 | 57.2 | 57.8 | 58.1 | 58.5 | 58.8 | 59.3 | 59.0 | 58.6 | 58.9 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 6.7 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 159.9 | 138.6 | 117.5 | 116.2 | 113.0 | 106.8 | 102.1 | 99.0 | 96.9 | 94.6 | 93.2 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 15.5 | 22.3 | 21.5 | .. | 25.5 | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 62.8 | .. | .. | 73.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 84.0 | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 153.1 | 140.9 | 89.4 | 86.3 | 83.8 | 81.5 | 78.9 | 76.1 | 73.8 | 71.5 | 69.4 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13.6 | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 56.0 | 68.0 | 59.0 | 67.0 | 73.0 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 71.0 | 63.0 | 65.0 | 62.0 | 70.0 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 39.5 | 42.9 | 53.1 | 58.1 | 61.4 | 67.7 | 70.0 | 73.5 | 75.6 | 73.7 | 68.6 | 80.2 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 66.5 | 70.5 | 82.8 | 85.9 | 90.1 | 91.8 | 92.9 | 93.5 | 94.2 | 92.7 | 94.6 | 101.7 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | .. | .. | 38.5 | 41.7 | 43.9 | 46.9 | 49.0 | 52.2 | 54.7 | 57.3 | 55.1 | 66.0 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | .. | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 4.9 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.8 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 78,508.6 | 50,944.5 | 35,140.4 | 34,011.5 | 32,882.6 | 31,753.7 | 30,624.8 | 29,496.0 | 28,367.1 | 27,238.3 | 26,109.4 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | 14.9 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.9 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 356.5 | 383.6 | 565.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 156.9 | 161.8 | 253.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 10,795,850,582.8 | 16,577,533,891.9 | 48,843,005,613.7 | 45,815,005,169.3 | 48,407,761,036.8 | 52,512,343,996.7 | 58,522,477,786.7 | 60,382,894,697.4 | 63,027,852,805.4 | 72,794,636,653.8 | 70,173,140,101.4 | 78,875,489,245.1 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | -1.1 | -0.3 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 0.7 | 7.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | -4.5 | 1.6 | 4.4 | 4.8 | -1.2 | -1.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 32.5 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 18.4 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 17.9 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 14.4 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 26.3 | 13.9 | 19.8 | 20.1 | 20.8 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 21.6 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 23.6 | 23.9 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 31.7 | 27.8 | 28.2 | 27.4 | 24.9 | 25.5 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 21.0 | 22.3 | 24.5 | 24.5 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27.1 | 27.2 | 25.5 | 25.4 | 22.6 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 22.0 | 20.9 | 22.8 | 28.9 | 28.1 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 6.7 | 15.9 | 22.6 | 23.4 | 23.2 | 20.8 | 22.3 | 22.0 | 21.7 | 23.6 | 26.4 | 28.1 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 10.6 | 12.2 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 12.2 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 18.0 | .. | 10.1 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 11.9 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.0 | .. | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 2.8 | 96.1 | 107.7 | 113.4 | 127.8 | 132.6 | 142.9 | 149.5 | 162.2 | 174.0 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 11.4 | 7.2 | 8.6 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 11.2 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.4 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 47.9 | 38.4 | 49.3 | 48.3 | 40.2 | 40.9 | 39.1 | 38.4 | 36.5 | 40.3 | 48.9 | 49.6 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 83.1 | 58.1 | 93.4 | 100.0 | 100.3 | 88.6 | 88.7 | 90.8 | 92.5 | 94.1 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 17,251,135,160.0 | 12,059,905,375.8 | 9,805,804,583.5 | 11,387,731,266.8 | 11,457,186,653.5 | 13,449,134,231.4 | 16,197,579,095.1 | 19,831,484,538.4 | 25,106,673,275.5 | 29,767,834,091.7 | 31,787,359,858.9 | 36,547,882,003.7 | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 35.4 | .. | 7.1 | 6.4 | 13.0 | 17.1 | 12.3 | 21.2 | 18.0 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 19.7 | |
Net migration | 79,979.0 | -63,843.0 | -23,011.0 | 522.0 | 18,568.0 | -796.0 | 5,395.0 | 2,043.0 | -12,390.0 | 1,322.0 | 26,777.0 | 6,002.0 | |
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