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Population, total | 223,184,294.0 | 286,548,096.0 | 400,231,008.0 | 410,190,679.0 | 419,808,341.0 | 428,315,886.0 | 435,998,060.0 | 444,281,315.0 | 453,723,239.0 | 460,646,603.0 | 471,352,066.0 | 481,667,539.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.2 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 13,796,798.9 | 13,796,818.9 | 13,166,221.9 | 13,166,229.9 | 13,166,230.9 | 13,166,231.9 | 13,166,231.9 | 13,166,232.9 | 13,166,234.9 | 13,166,242.9 | 13,160,217.9 | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 19.9 | 25.5 | 30.6 | 31.3 | 32.0 | 32.7 | 33.3 | 33.9 | 34.6 | 35.2 | 36.0 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 586,438,996,604.5 | 696,949,818,500.7 | 2,935,904,740,286.3 | 2,810,691,555,138.1 | 2,684,909,862,199.1 | 2,557,799,686,270.0 | 2,717,529,698,506.0 | 2,870,046,061,257.4 | 2,707,567,206,030.5 | 2,905,907,771,591.8 | 3,293,368,739,809.9 | 3,491,434,977,410.9 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 2,627.6 | 2,432.2 | 7,335.5 | 6,852.2 | 6,395.6 | 5,971.8 | 6,232.9 | 6,460.0 | 5,967.4 | 6,308.3 | 6,987.1 | 7,248.6 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 1,566,172,857,411.7 | 2,843,703,210,968.9 | 6,267,610,575,568.4 | 5,821,142,789,524.1 | 5,763,923,500,643.3 | 6,128,821,378,533.6 | 6,645,775,302,625.8 | 6,816,210,144,168.2 | 6,357,886,958,287.4 | 7,107,682,161,103.1 | 8,032,421,553,843.7 | 8,423,171,805,083.9 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 7,017.4 | 9,924.0 | 15,660.0 | 14,191.3 | 13,729.9 | 14,309.1 | 15,242.7 | 15,342.1 | 14,012.7 | 15,429.8 | 17,041.2 | 17,487.5 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 62.7 | 67.1 | 70.4 | 70.6 | 70.8 | 71.3 | 71.5 | 71.7 | 70.8 | 70.7 | 71.1 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 5.1 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 70.6 | 55.3 | 53.9 | 53.3 | 51.9 | 51.1 | 49.2 | 48.0 | 47.3 | 46.2 | 45.4 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | 35.5 | 45.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | 52.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 89.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 81.7 | 59.7 | 38.4 | 37.5 | 36.5 | 35.8 | 35.2 | 34.1 | 32.9 | 32.3 | 31.4 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 76.7 | 81.4 | 83.9 | 83.6 | 85.5 | 84.8 | 83.4 | 83.6 | 82.6 | 80.8 | 79.5 | 79.1 | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | 68.4 | 75.0 | 80.9 | 80.3 | 80.1 | 80.2 | 81.2 | 81.5 | 82.6 | 82.9 | 84.0 | 85.4 | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 81.0 | 86.7 | 90.6 | 90.6 | 90.7 | 90.8 | 91.1 | 91.3 | 91.7 | 91.5 | 90.4 | 91.7 | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 50.9 | 58.0 | 67.2 | 67.8 | 68.2 | 68.7 | 68.9 | 69.1 | 69.1 | 69.9 | 71.2 | 70.7 | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 200,673.1 | 193,520.1 | 382,463.4 | 380,038.2 | 377,730.6 | 375,191.7 | 372,634.1 | 370,302.7 | 367,980.7 | 365,652.4 | 363,226.9 | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | .. | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | .. | 183.8 | 181.0 | 183.9 | 203.7 | 196.0 | 216.4 | 206.2 | 203.8 | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 4.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 1,087.4 | 1,275.5 | 1,917.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 1,070.3 | 1,495.0 | 2,425.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 641,712,235,219.4 | 763,411,636,190.4 | 2,905,651,795,199.1 | 2,544,700,996,740.8 | 2,500,823,407,237.9 | 2,572,203,993,723.9 | 2,867,348,492,603.6 | 2,899,029,698,316.6 | 2,562,783,626,987.7 | 2,969,239,218,342.0 | 3,609,805,711,776.5 | 3,512,421,040,998.2 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 7.8 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.6 | -4.7 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 1.0 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 12.7 | 11.5 | 1.0 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 14.8 | 0.9 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 10.5 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.9 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 57.7 | 50.0 | 49.7 | 40.6 | 38.2 | 40.9 | 44.7 | 42.6 | 36.8 | 42.3 | 48.7 | 43.5 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 49.0 | 40.9 | 38.1 | 42.4 | 45.2 | 43.1 | 36.4 | 43.0 | 49.6 | 49.2 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 27.2 | 29.9 | 38.5 | 41.0 | 38.6 | 39.4 | 37.0 | 38.0 | 37.3 | 37.0 | 37.3 | 40.9 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 30.3 | 19.9 | 25.8 | 28.0 | 27.9 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 27.1 | 25.4 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 26.0 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 24.7 | 19.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 19.6 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 21.6 | 20.7 | 19.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 5.2 | 5.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | .. | 6.4 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.1 | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 3.1 | 104.2 | 103.0 | 100.4 | 98.2 | 96.4 | 96.7 | 96.2 | 99.2 | 102.9 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 3.9 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 4.3 | 4.5 | .. | 5.9 | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 38.3 | 55.9 | 75.0 | 67.9 | 63.4 | 66.3 | 68.9 | 68.1 | 61.9 | 71.4 | 76.4 | 73.6 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Net migration | -1,433,172.0 | 468,890.0 | 575,497.0 | 364,082.0 | 132,220.0 | -994,068.0 | -591,361.0 | -51,896.0 | -280,925.0 | 471,864.0 | 2,684,826.0 | 482,824.0 | |
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