Country Profile
1990
2000
2010
2016
World view
Population, total (millions)
18.04
23.19
28.11
31.19
Population growth (annual %)
2.8
2.3
1.8
1.5
Surface area (sq. km) (thousands)
330.8
330.8
330.8
330.8
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
54.9
70.6
85.6
94.9
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
..
6.0
3.8
0.6
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population)
1.6
0.4
0.3
..
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) (billions)
43.23
80.18
231.52
307.24
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
2,400
3,460
8,240
9,850
GNI, PPP (current international $) (billions)
117.79
275.43
562.88
838.89
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)
6,530
11,880
20,020
26,900
People
Income share held by lowest 20%
5.1
4.4
4.6
..
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
71
73
74
75
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
3.5
2.8
2.0
1.9
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
19
14
13
14
Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49)
50
..
..
..
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
93
97
99
99
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
17
10
8
7
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
22.1
16.7
..
..
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
70
96
95
93
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
88
101
100
101
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
92.7
98.1
100.1
101.8
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
55
66
67
78
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
1
1
1
1
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.4
Environment
Forest area (sq. km) (thousands)
223.8
215.9
221.2
222.0
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
7.4
7.9
..
8.0
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.9
Improved water source (% of population with access)
90
94
97
98
Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access)
86
91
95
96
Urban population growth (annual %)
4.4
4.3
3.0
2.4
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)
1,210
2,109
2,610
2,968
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)
3.14
5.42
7.77
7.96
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
1,157
2,748
4,160
4,596
Economy
GDP (current US$) (billions)
44.02
93.79
255.02
296.36
GDP growth (annual %)
9.0
8.9
7.0
4.2
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)
3.8
8.9
7.7
1.9
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)
15
9
10
9
Industry, value added (% of GDP)
42
48
38
36
Services, etc., value added (% of GDP)
43
43
52
56
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
74
120
87
67
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
72
101
71
61
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
32
27
23
26
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
..
17.5
19.4
18.9
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
..
-4.1
-5.0
-3.2
States and markets
Time required to start a business (days)
..
38
18
19
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
72.7
138.4
123.3
145.3
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
..
13.7
13.3
14.3
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
2.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
0.5
21.9
119.7
143.9
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
0.0
21.4
56.3
71.1
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
38
60
45
43
Overall level of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100)
..
..
80
78
Global links
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
133
192
142
121
Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100)
103
100
98
97
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) (millions)
15,330
41,946
133,800
190,951
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
12.6
5.6
2.4
6.1
Net migration (thousands)
299
491
450
..
Personal remittances, received (current US$) (millions)
185
342
1,103
1,643
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions)
2,332
3,788
10,886
10,963
Net official development assistance received (current US$) (millions)
468.5
48.7
-6.1
-0.6
Source: World Development Indicators database
Figures in italics refer to periods other than those specified.
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