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Population, total | 10,449,837.0 | 12,626,507.0 | 15,957,994.0 | 16,195,902.0 | 16,439,585.0 | 16,696,944.0 | 17,015,672.0 | 17,343,740.0 | 17,588,595.0 | 17,797,737.0 | 18,001,000.0 | 18,190,484.0 | |
Population growth (annual %) | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | |
Surface area (sq. km) | 283,560.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | 256,370.0 | .. | .. | |
Population density (people per sq. km of land area) | 37.7 | 50.8 | 64.3 | 65.2 | 66.2 | 67.2 | 68.5 | 69.8 | 70.8 | 71.7 | .. | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) | .. | .. | 22.5 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 21.5 | 23.2 | 25.0 | 33.0 | 27.7 | 25.2 | .. | |
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) | .. | 28.2 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.8 | |
GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | 14,025,768,045.6 | 19,065,970,008.6 | 99,209,162,263.5 | 97,078,893,908.6 | 95,015,405,747.9 | 99,488,868,338.6 | 104,395,048,465.0 | 105,800,600,853.1 | 94,925,517,367.5 | 108,200,443,400.4 | 117,438,906,332.8 | 118,390,456,739.7 | |
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | 1,340.0 | 1,510.0 | 6,220.0 | 5,990.0 | 5,780.0 | 5,960.0 | 6,140.0 | 6,100.0 | 5,400.0 | 6,080.0 | 6,520.0 | 6,510.0 | |
GNI, PPP (current international $) | 44,482,683,352.9 | 66,911,195,184.7 | 186,961,706,891.0 | 173,824,904,854.9 | 176,263,244,486.8 | 193,264,344,525.8 | 202,307,594,707.1 | 211,369,374,304.6 | 195,321,092,920.5 | 235,695,382,943.7 | 267,765,274,487.4 | 282,205,138,253.4 | |
GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) | 4,260.0 | 5,300.0 | 11,720.0 | 10,730.0 | 10,720.0 | 11,570.0 | 11,890.0 | 12,190.0 | 11,100.0 | 13,240.0 | 14,880.0 | 15,510.0 | |
Income share held by lowest 20% | .. | 3.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 | |
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | 69.3 | 72.8 | 76.6 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 77.0 | 77.1 | 77.3 | 72.2 | 73.7 | 77.9 | .. | |
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .. | |
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) | 88.9 | 88.8 | 80.1 | 79.7 | 75.1 | 72.7 | 71.4 | 67.8 | 63.9 | 63.2 | 62.1 | .. | |
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49) | .. | .. | 74.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 77.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) | .. | 70.9 | 94.7 | 94.2 | 94.1 | 95.6 | 95.9 | 97.2 | 99.4 | .. | .. | .. | |
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) | 53.9 | 29.5 | 15.9 | 15.3 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 12.2 | .. | |
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5) | .. | .. | 5.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months) | 60.0 | 99.0 | 85.0 | 84.0 | 86.0 | 81.0 | 83.0 | 83.0 | 81.0 | 65.0 | 74.0 | .. | |
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) | .. | 94.6 | 112.3 | 106.2 | 103.2 | 105.0 | 103.5 | 99.7 | 98.2 | 95.7 | 99.7 | .. | |
School enrollment, primary (% gross) | 117.8 | 109.0 | 112.1 | 106.6 | 103.5 | 101.7 | 101.1 | 99.1 | 97.7 | 96.8 | 97.5 | .. | |
School enrollment, secondary (% gross) | 56.5 | 55.8 | 105.4 | 104.6 | 104.2 | 102.6 | 101.7 | 100.3 | 99.9 | 99.7 | 98.2 | .. | |
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI) | .. | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | .. | |
Forest area (sq. km) | 146,322.1 | 137,305.0 | 128,609.8 | 128,191.8 | 127,549.1 | 126,906.4 | 126,263.7 | 125,621.0 | 124,978.3 | 124,335.6 | .. | .. | |
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area) | .. | .. | .. | .. | 14.4 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 20.0 | .. | |
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources) | .. | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | .. | .. | |
Urban population growth (annual %) | 3.7 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |
Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | 605.8 | 698.2 | 888.6 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | .. | .. | .. | |
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) | 470.6 | 637.6 | 1,375.9 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
GDP (current US$) | 15,239,272,611.6 | 17,539,454,727.4 | 102,717,794,000.0 | 97,209,558,000.0 | 97,671,433,000.0 | 104,467,486,000.0 | 107,478,962,000.0 | 107,595,829,000.0 | 95,865,472,000.0 | 107,435,101,000.0 | 116,586,079,000.0 | 118,844,826,000.0 | |
GDP growth (annual %) | 3.7 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 0.1 | -0.7 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | -9.2 | 9.8 | 6.2 | 2.4 | |
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 5.8 | -11.7 | 2.1 | -5.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.8 | -0.1 | -1.8 | 2.0 | 2.2 | -0.4 | |
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | 20.5 | 12.4 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 7.7 | |
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) | 30.1 | 34.7 | 35.7 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 28.5 | 28.0 | 26.7 | 24.0 | 27.4 | 29.2 | 26.9 | |
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 22.8 | 37.6 | 31.4 | 22.8 | 20.5 | 21.5 | 23.5 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 27.0 | 30.8 | 29.1 | |
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 21.8 | 27.9 | 30.1 | 25.1 | 20.0 | 22.1 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 20.7 | 26.1 | 30.8 | 28.8 | |
Gross capital formation (% of GDP) | 24.1 | 17.2 | 24.7 | 22.7 | 20.2 | 22.5 | 22.5 | 21.0 | 17.6 | 21.0 | 22.3 | 21.4 | |
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 23.3 | 24.4 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 24.4 | 22.9 | 20.3 | 23.3 | 24.5 | .. | |
Time required to start a business (days) | .. | .. | 55.5 | 50.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 30.7 | 31.8 | 36.4 | 38.0 | 40.5 | 44.6 | 52.1 | 56.1 | 57.2 | 62.0 | |
Tax revenue (% of GDP) | .. | .. | 14.0 | 16.4 | 14.5 | 13.7 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 13.0 | .. | |
Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 | .. | |
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) | 0.0 | 3.8 | 104.1 | 79.9 | 84.4 | 87.7 | 92.7 | 91.4 | 88.0 | 94.3 | 97.2 | .. | |
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | .. | .. | 5.6 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.7 | .. | |
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) | 30.0 | 49.3 | 52.0 | 41.0 | 33.9 | 37.5 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 39.9 | 48.8 | 56.4 | 52.2 | |
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100) | 101.1 | 88.5 | 131.9 | 100.0 | 95.4 | 103.6 | 112.9 | 109.0 | 93.8 | 107.4 | .. | .. | |
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 12,162,488,782.2 | 17,174,293,325.0 | 24,971,316,036.7 | 28,392,958,561.0 | 35,382,005,444.4 | 41,157,198,885.5 | 44,959,257,840.5 | 51,895,193,768.6 | 56,423,149,419.3 | 58,070,204,212.9 | 60,684,713,935.4 | .. | |
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) | 33.2 | 51.0 | 13.8 | 23.6 | 26.6 | 29.1 | 35.7 | 35.8 | 41.4 | 22.7 | 14.5 | .. | |
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